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I've got this recursive generator

var obj = [1,2,3,[4,5,[6,7,8],9],10]

function *flat(x) {
    if (Array.isArray(x))
        for (let y of x)
            yield *flat(y)
    else
        yield 'foo' + x;

}

console.log([...flat(obj)])

I've got this recursive generator

var obj = [1,2,3,[4,5,[6,7,8],9],10]

function *flat(x) {
    if (Array.isArray(x))
        for (let y of x)
            yield *flat(y)
    else
        yield 'foo' + x;

}

console.log([...flat(obj)])

It works fine, but I don't like the for part. Is there a way to write it functionally? I tried

if (Array.isArray(x))
   yield *x.map(flat)

which didn't work.

Is there a way to write the above function without for loops?

• javascript
• ecmascript-6
• generator
• yield

Share Improve this question Follow asked Aug 16, 2017 at 8:31 georggeorg 215k5656 gold badges322322 silver badges398398 bronze badges

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5 Answers 5

Sorted by: Reset to default 3

You could use rest parameters ... and check the length of the rest array for another calling of the generator

function* flat(a, ...r) {
    if (Array.isArray(a)) {
        yield* flat(...a);
    } else {
        yield 'foo' + a;
    }
    if (r.length) {
        yield* flat(...r);
    }
}

var obj = [1, 2, 3, [4, 5, [6, 7, 8], 9], 10];
console.log([...flat(obj)])

.as-console-wrapper { max-height: 100% !important; top: 0; }

A similar approach but with a spread generator for calling the handed over generator with the spreaded values.

function* spread(g, a, ...r) {
    yield* g(a);
    if (r.length) {
        yield* spread(g, ...r);
    }
}

function* flat(a) {
    if (Array.isArray(a)) {
        yield* spread(flat, ...a);
    } else {
        yield 'foo' + a;
    }
}

var obj = [1, 2, 3, [4, 5, [6, 7, 8], 9], 10];
console.log([...flat(obj)])

.as-console-wrapper { max-height: 100% !important; top: 0; }

The map is a good idea, but you need to reduce the resulting array of generator objects to just one generator object:

function *flat(x) {
    if (Array.isArray(x)) 
        yield *x.map(flat).reduce((a, b) => function*() { yield *a; yield *b }());
    else
        yield 'foo' + x;
}

var obj = [1,2,3,[4,5,[6,7,8],9],10];
console.log([...flat(obj)]);

.as-console-wrapper { max-height: 100% !important; top: 0; }

Is there a way to write it functionally, without for loops?

No, not really. (Of course you can always opt for recursion instead, but I'll question the usefulness of that approach).

What we're looking for are functional combinators for iterators:

function* of(x) { // also known as `pure` or `return`
    yield x;
}
function map(f) { return function* (xs) { // also known as `fmap`
    for (const x of xs)
        yield f(x);
}
function* join(xss) { // also known as `concat` (not `append`!) or `flatten` (but non-recursive!)
    for (const xs of xss)
        for (const x of xs)
            yield x;
}
function chain(f) { return function* (xs) { // also known as `concatMap` or `bind`
    for (const x of xs)
        const ys = f(x);
        for (const y of ys)
            yield y;
}
// or const chain = f => compose(concat, map(f)) :-)

Now we can just treat iterators as a monad, and be no more concerned about the implementation.

As you can see, I have not used the syntax yield* xs above which is (basically) just sugar for

for (const x of xs)
    yield x;

What is looking weird in your implementation is the disparity between the outer loop and the inner non-loop. In an optimal world, there would be a yield** syntax that did what join does, but there's not. So we can only implement your function nicely with the above helper functions:

function* flat(x) {
    if (Array.isArray(x))
        yield* chain(flat)(x);
    else
        yield* of('foo' + x); // foreshadowing
}

or just

function flat(x) {
    return Array.isArray(x) ? chain(flat)(x) : of('foo' + x);
}

You could reduce array to generator. But this looks worse than for loop to me (though is functional :) )

var obj = [1, 2, 3, [4, 5, [6, 7, 8], 9], 10]

function* flat(x) {
  if (Array.isArray(x))
    yield * x.reduceRight(
      (f, y) => function*() {
        yield * flat(y);
        yield * f()
      },
      function*() {}
    )()
  else
    yield 'foo' + x;

}

console.log([...flat(obj)])

may be something like

var obj = [1, 2, 3, [4, 5, [6, 7, 8], 9], 10];

function* flat(x) {
    if (Array.isArray(x)) {
        yield x.map(v => {
            return [...flat(v)].join();
        });
    } else yield "foo" + x;
}

console.log([...flat(obj)]);

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