stm32 - Why is a fresh FreeRTOS project using all my RAM? How can I determine the root cause? - Stack Overflow

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see above. I am using a custom G030F6 breakout board with the intent to install FreeRTOS and use this small device as a learning exercise as I usually use larger MCUs and super loops. My first hurdle is my RAM usage. I get the following error when I configure FreeRTOS using STM32CubeIDE (I also get the same error if i import freertos manually and use the same memory allocations):

section ._user_heap_stack' will not fit in region RAM'

I understand this to mean that my memory allocations are too large to fit within the available RAM. My chosen device has RAM of 8KB. My config is as follows:

#ifndef FREERTOS_CONFIG_H
#define FREERTOS_CONFIG_H

/*-----------------------------------------------------------
 * Application specific definitions.
 *
 * These definitions should be adjusted for your particular hardware and
 * application requirements.
 *
 * These parameters and more are described within the 'configuration' section of the
 * FreeRTOS API documentation available on the FreeRTOS web site.
 *
 * See .html
 *----------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* Section where include file can be added */
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Ensure definitions are only used by the compiler, and not by the assembler. */
#if defined(__ICCARM__) || defined(__CC_ARM) || defined(__GNUC__)
  #include <stdint.h>
  extern uint32_t SystemCoreClock;
#endif
#ifndef CMSIS_device_header
#define CMSIS_device_header "stm32g0xx.h"
#endif /* CMSIS_device_header */

#define configENABLE_FPU                         0
#define configENABLE_MPU                         0

#define configUSE_PREEMPTION                     1
#define configSUPPORT_STATIC_ALLOCATION          1
#define configSUPPORT_DYNAMIC_ALLOCATION         1
#define configUSE_IDLE_HOOK                      0
#define configUSE_TICK_HOOK                      0
#define configCPU_CLOCK_HZ                       ( SystemCoreClock )
#define configTICK_RATE_HZ                       ((TickType_t)1000)
#define configMAX_PRIORITIES                     ( 56 )
#define configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE                 ((uint16_t)128)
#define configTOTAL_HEAP_SIZE                    ((size_t)3072)
#define configMAX_TASK_NAME_LEN                  ( 16 )
#define configUSE_TRACE_FACILITY                 1
#define configUSE_16_BIT_TICKS                   0
#define configUSE_MUTEXES                        1
#define configQUEUE_REGISTRY_SIZE                8
#define configUSE_RECURSIVE_MUTEXES              1
#define configUSE_COUNTING_SEMAPHORES            1
#define configUSE_PORT_OPTIMISED_TASK_SELECTION  0
/* USER CODE BEGIN MESSAGE_BUFFER_LENGTH_TYPE */
/* Defaults to size_t for backward compatibility, but can be changed
   if lengths will always be less than the number of bytes in a size_t. */
#define configMESSAGE_BUFFER_LENGTH_TYPE         size_t
/* USER CODE END MESSAGE_BUFFER_LENGTH_TYPE */

/* Co-routine definitions. */
#define configUSE_CO_ROUTINES                    0
#define configMAX_CO_ROUTINE_PRIORITIES          ( 2 )

/* Software timer definitions. */
#define configUSE_TIMERS                         1
#define configTIMER_TASK_PRIORITY                ( 2 )
#define configTIMER_QUEUE_LENGTH                 10
#define configTIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH             256

/* The following flag must be enabled only when using newlib */
#define configUSE_NEWLIB_REENTRANT          1

/* CMSIS-RTOS V2 flags */
#define configUSE_OS2_THREAD_SUSPEND_RESUME  1
#define configUSE_OS2_THREAD_ENUMERATE       1
#define configUSE_OS2_EVENTFLAGS_FROM_ISR    1
#define configUSE_OS2_THREAD_FLAGS           1
#define configUSE_OS2_TIMER                  1
#define configUSE_OS2_MUTEX                  1

/* Set the following definitions to 1 to include the API function, or zero
to exclude the API function. */
#define INCLUDE_vTaskPrioritySet             1
#define INCLUDE_uxTaskPriorityGet            1
#define INCLUDE_vTaskDelete                  1
#define INCLUDE_vTaskCleanUpResources        0
#define INCLUDE_vTaskSuspend                 1
#define INCLUDE_vTaskDelayUntil              1
#define INCLUDE_vTaskDelay                   1
#define INCLUDE_xTaskGetSchedulerState       1
#define INCLUDE_xTimerPendFunctionCall       1
#define INCLUDE_xQueueGetMutexHolder         1
#define INCLUDE_uxTaskGetStackHighWaterMark  1
#define INCLUDE_xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle    1
#define INCLUDE_eTaskGetState                1

/*
 * The CMSIS-RTOS V2 FreeRTOS wrapper is dependent on the heap implementation used
 * by the application thus the correct define need to be enabled below
 */
#define USE_FreeRTOS_HEAP_4

/* Normal assert() semantics without relying on the provision of an assert.h
header file. */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
#define configASSERT( x ) if ((x) == 0) {taskDISABLE_INTERRUPTS(); for( ;; );}
/* USER CODE END 1 */

/* Definitions that map the FreeRTOS port interrupt handlers to their CMSIS
standard names. */
#define vPortSVCHandler    SVC_Handler
#define xPortPendSVHandler PendSV_Handler

/* IMPORTANT: After 10.3.1 update, Systick_Handler comes from NVIC (if SYS timebase = systick), otherwise from cmsis_os2.c */

#define USE_CUSTOM_SYSTICK_HANDLER_IMPLEMENTATION 0

/* USER CODE BEGIN Defines */
/* Section where parameter definitions can be added (for instance, to override default ones in FreeRTOS.h) */
/* USER CODE END Defines */

#endif /* FREERTOS_CONFIG_H */

If my heap is 3KB and stack is configured to be 256 Bytes, where is the other 5KB being used?

thanks in advance.

see above. I am using a custom G030F6 breakout board with the intent to install FreeRTOS and use this small device as a learning exercise as I usually use larger MCUs and super loops. My first hurdle is my RAM usage. I get the following error when I configure FreeRTOS using STM32CubeIDE (I also get the same error if i import freertos manually and use the same memory allocations):

section ._user_heap_stack' will not fit in region RAM'

I understand this to mean that my memory allocations are too large to fit within the available RAM. My chosen device has RAM of 8KB. My config is as follows:

#ifndef FREERTOS_CONFIG_H
#define FREERTOS_CONFIG_H

/*-----------------------------------------------------------
 * Application specific definitions.
 *
 * These definitions should be adjusted for your particular hardware and
 * application requirements.
 *
 * These parameters and more are described within the 'configuration' section of the
 * FreeRTOS API documentation available on the FreeRTOS. web site.
 *
 * See http://www.freertos./a00110.html
 *----------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* Section where include file can be added */
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Ensure definitions are only used by the compiler, and not by the assembler. */
#if defined(__ICCARM__) || defined(__CC_ARM) || defined(__GNUC__)
  #include <stdint.h>
  extern uint32_t SystemCoreClock;
#endif
#ifndef CMSIS_device_header
#define CMSIS_device_header "stm32g0xx.h"
#endif /* CMSIS_device_header */

#define configENABLE_FPU                         0
#define configENABLE_MPU                         0

#define configUSE_PREEMPTION                     1
#define configSUPPORT_STATIC_ALLOCATION          1
#define configSUPPORT_DYNAMIC_ALLOCATION         1
#define configUSE_IDLE_HOOK                      0
#define configUSE_TICK_HOOK                      0
#define configCPU_CLOCK_HZ                       ( SystemCoreClock )
#define configTICK_RATE_HZ                       ((TickType_t)1000)
#define configMAX_PRIORITIES                     ( 56 )
#define configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE                 ((uint16_t)128)
#define configTOTAL_HEAP_SIZE                    ((size_t)3072)
#define configMAX_TASK_NAME_LEN                  ( 16 )
#define configUSE_TRACE_FACILITY                 1
#define configUSE_16_BIT_TICKS                   0
#define configUSE_MUTEXES                        1
#define configQUEUE_REGISTRY_SIZE                8
#define configUSE_RECURSIVE_MUTEXES              1
#define configUSE_COUNTING_SEMAPHORES            1
#define configUSE_PORT_OPTIMISED_TASK_SELECTION  0
/* USER CODE BEGIN MESSAGE_BUFFER_LENGTH_TYPE */
/* Defaults to size_t for backward compatibility, but can be changed
   if lengths will always be less than the number of bytes in a size_t. */
#define configMESSAGE_BUFFER_LENGTH_TYPE         size_t
/* USER CODE END MESSAGE_BUFFER_LENGTH_TYPE */

/* Co-routine definitions. */
#define configUSE_CO_ROUTINES                    0
#define configMAX_CO_ROUTINE_PRIORITIES          ( 2 )

/* Software timer definitions. */
#define configUSE_TIMERS                         1
#define configTIMER_TASK_PRIORITY                ( 2 )
#define configTIMER_QUEUE_LENGTH                 10
#define configTIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH             256

/* The following flag must be enabled only when using newlib */
#define configUSE_NEWLIB_REENTRANT          1

/* CMSIS-RTOS V2 flags */
#define configUSE_OS2_THREAD_SUSPEND_RESUME  1
#define configUSE_OS2_THREAD_ENUMERATE       1
#define configUSE_OS2_EVENTFLAGS_FROM_ISR    1
#define configUSE_OS2_THREAD_FLAGS           1
#define configUSE_OS2_TIMER                  1
#define configUSE_OS2_MUTEX                  1

/* Set the following definitions to 1 to include the API function, or zero
to exclude the API function. */
#define INCLUDE_vTaskPrioritySet             1
#define INCLUDE_uxTaskPriorityGet            1
#define INCLUDE_vTaskDelete                  1
#define INCLUDE_vTaskCleanUpResources        0
#define INCLUDE_vTaskSuspend                 1
#define INCLUDE_vTaskDelayUntil              1
#define INCLUDE_vTaskDelay                   1
#define INCLUDE_xTaskGetSchedulerState       1
#define INCLUDE_xTimerPendFunctionCall       1
#define INCLUDE_xQueueGetMutexHolder         1
#define INCLUDE_uxTaskGetStackHighWaterMark  1
#define INCLUDE_xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle    1
#define INCLUDE_eTaskGetState                1

/*
 * The CMSIS-RTOS V2 FreeRTOS wrapper is dependent on the heap implementation used
 * by the application thus the correct define need to be enabled below
 */
#define USE_FreeRTOS_HEAP_4

/* Normal assert() semantics without relying on the provision of an assert.h
header file. */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
#define configASSERT( x ) if ((x) == 0) {taskDISABLE_INTERRUPTS(); for( ;; );}
/* USER CODE END 1 */

/* Definitions that map the FreeRTOS port interrupt handlers to their CMSIS
standard names. */
#define vPortSVCHandler    SVC_Handler
#define xPortPendSVHandler PendSV_Handler

/* IMPORTANT: After 10.3.1 update, Systick_Handler comes from NVIC (if SYS timebase = systick), otherwise from cmsis_os2.c */

#define USE_CUSTOM_SYSTICK_HANDLER_IMPLEMENTATION 0

/* USER CODE BEGIN Defines */
/* Section where parameter definitions can be added (for instance, to override default ones in FreeRTOS.h) */
/* USER CODE END Defines */

#endif /* FREERTOS_CONFIG_H */

If my heap is 3KB and stack is configured to be 256 Bytes, where is the other 5KB being used?

thanks in advance.

• stm32
• freertos

Share Improve this question Follow asked yesterday ChrisD91ChrisD91 26111 gold badge44 silver badges1212 bronze badges 3

• CubeIDE also allocates memory for a heap and a stack, besides whatever FreeRTOS uses. With such a small device, it's not surprising that you're running out of space. You can configure the CubeIDE allocations from within CubeIDE by opening the .ioc file and going to the Project Manager tab. By default it uses something like 1.5 KB in total. – pmacfarlane Commented yesterday
• You can probably set the CubeIDE heap allocation size to 0x0. You can maybe shrink the stack a bit, but not to zero. – pmacfarlane Commented yesterday
• Your linker probably has a flag that will generate a map file like gcc's -Wl,-Map,output.map for example. That file would show you exactly where all the RAM is going. – GandhiGandhi Commented 21 hours ago

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1 Answer 1

Sorted by: Reset to default 0

Using FreeRTOS in tight RAM spaces is hard. You might want to avoid using heap and write your program that will work with minimal heap. You can create your all RTOS related things (semaphores, queues, tasks etc.) in stack and you can avoid creation of them in runtime, but still, after all that you might left out with very limited RAM. You can change your heap scheme to a simpler one like heap_1 or 2. If not necessary, try to avoid using FreeRTOS in MCUs that have low memory since it's possible to write the program without an OS requirement. But if it's a necessity, I was able to create an RTOS project with I2C, SPI and UART enabled. You can:

• Create a new project and set heap size to 0 and stack size to 0x200 (512 bytes)
• Set TOTAL_HEAP_SIZE to 512 bytes in FreeRTOS
• Create 2 tasks with these settings

• And create code

That way, i was able to build the project and still left with 1.36kb of RAM space

You can find the example .ioc file here

Please keep in mind that I have never used stm32 with heap size of 0. Please share your experiences after testing.

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