javascript - Generating uniform distribution using Math.random() - Stack Overflow

admin管理员组

文章数量:1332896

In the MDN Math.random web page the ment for the example function getRandomInt(..) says that Math.round() was not used since it gives non-uniform distribution, which implies using Math.floor(..) will produce uniform distribution.

// Returns a random integer between min (included) and max (excluded)
// Using Math.round() will give you a non-uniform distribution!
function getRandomInt(min, max) {
  return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min)) + min;
}

However, the following code shows that the frequency of generating a random number is directly proportional to the value of the number. i.e Higher the value of the number, higher the frequency. This behaviour is same on nodejs and on firefox browser.

// 


// Returns a random integer between min (included) and max (excluded)
// Using Math.round() will give you a non-uniform distribution!
function getRandomInt(min, max) {
  return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min)) + min;
}

var data = {};
var a;
var i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 100000; ++i) {
  a = getRandomInt(1, 50);

  if (typeof data[a] === 'undefined') { // first time initialize
    data[a] = a;
  } else {
    data[a] = data[a] + a;
  }
}

//console.log(data);
document.getElementById("json").innerHTML = JSON.stringify(data, undefined, 2);

<pre id="json"></pre>

In the MDN Math.random web page the ment for the example function getRandomInt(..) says that Math.round() was not used since it gives non-uniform distribution, which implies using Math.floor(..) will produce uniform distribution.

// Returns a random integer between min (included) and max (excluded)
// Using Math.round() will give you a non-uniform distribution!
function getRandomInt(min, max) {
  return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min)) + min;
}

However, the following code shows that the frequency of generating a random number is directly proportional to the value of the number. i.e Higher the value of the number, higher the frequency. This behaviour is same on nodejs and on firefox browser.

// https://developer.mozilla/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Math/random


// Returns a random integer between min (included) and max (excluded)
// Using Math.round() will give you a non-uniform distribution!
function getRandomInt(min, max) {
  return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min)) + min;
}

var data = {};
var a;
var i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 100000; ++i) {
  a = getRandomInt(1, 50);

  if (typeof data[a] === 'undefined') { // first time initialize
    data[a] = a;
  } else {
    data[a] = data[a] + a;
  }
}

//console.log(data);
document.getElementById("json").innerHTML = JSON.stringify(data, undefined, 2);

<pre id="json"></pre>

So with this property of Math.random() how to generate a uniform distribution.

• javascript
• node.js
• random

Share Improve this question Follow edited Jan 3, 2023 at 1:13 EzioMercer 2,01722 gold badges1010 silver badges2727 bronze badges asked Nov 7, 2014 at 6:03 Talespin_KitTalespin_Kit 21.9k3434 gold badges9595 silver badges140140 bronze badges

Add a ment  | 

1 Answer 1

Sorted by: Reset to default 5

You increment your counter using a. The result of the counter would be a*<actual frequency>.

If you increment with 1, you will see that it actually has a uniform distribution.

if (typeof data[a] === 'undefined') { // first time initialize
    data[a] = 1;
} else {
    data[a] = data[a] + 1;
}

// https://developer.mozilla/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Math/random


// Returns a random integer between min (included) and max (excluded)
// Using Math.round() will give you a non-uniform distribution!
function getRandomInt(min, max) {
  return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min)) + min;
}

var data = {};
var a;
var i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 100000; ++i)
{
    a = getRandomInt(1,50);

    if (typeof data[a] === 'undefined') { // first time initialize
    data[a] = 1;
    } else {
    data[a] = data[a] + 1;
    }
}
//console.log(data);
document.getElementById("json").innerHTML = JSON.stringify(data, undefined, 2);

<pre id="json"></pre>

本文标签： javascriptGenerating uniform distribution using Mathrandom()Stack Overflow