javascript - Express Middleware: ERROR: TypeError: Converting circular structure to JSON - Stack Overflow

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I'm using the following function as a middleware just to increment the id of a new object being added to my array:

let lions = []
let id = 0

const updateId = function(req, res, next) {
  if (!req.body.id) {
    id++;
    req.body.id = id + '';
  }
  next();
};

When I post a new lion it will then hit this route:

app.post('/lions', updateId, (req, res) => {
  console.log('POST req', req.body)
  const lion = req.body;
  lions.push(lion)

  res.json(req)
})

The POST works and the new lion is created, however I get the following error. Any ideas on how to fix it?

[nodemon] starting node server.js NODE RUNNING on port: 3000 GET lions: [] ERROR: TypeError: Converting circular structure to JSON at JSON.stringify () at stringify (/Users/leongaban/projects/tutorials/pluralsight/api-design-node/node_modules/express/lib/response.js:1119:12)

server.js

// create a route middleware for POST /lions that will increment and
// add an id to the ining new lion object on req.body

const express = require('express')
const app = express()
const bodyParser = require('body-parser')
const port = 3000

app.use(express.static('client'))
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true }))
app.use(bodyParser.json())

let lions = []
let id = 0

const updateId = function(req, res, next) {
  if (!req.body.id) {
    id++;
    req.body.id = id + '';
  }
  next();
};

app.param('id', (req, res, next, id) => {
  let lion = lions.filter((lion => lion.id === id))

  if (lion) {
    req.lion = lion;
    next();
  }
  else {
    console.log('NO LION')
    res.send()
  }
})

app.get('/lions', (req, res, next) => {
  console.log('GET lions:', lions)
  res.json(lions)
})

app.get('/lions/:id', (req, res) => {
  res.json(req || {})
})

app.post('/lions', updateId, (req, res) => {
  console.log('POST req', req.body)
  const lion = req.body;
  lions.push(lion)

  res.json(req)
})

app.put('/lions/:id', (req, res) => {
  const paramId = req.params.id
  const updated = req.body

  if (updated.id) delete updated.id

  const oldLion = lions.find((lion => lion.id === paramId))

  if (!oldLion) res.send()

  const newLion = Object.assign({ id: oldLion.id }, updated)
  lions = lions.filter(lion => lion.id !== paramId)
  lions.push(newLion)

  res.json(newLion)
})

app.delete('/lions/:id', (req, res) => {
  lions = lions.filter((lion => lion.id !== req.params.id))

  res.json(lions)
})

app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
  console.error('ERROR:', err)
})

app.listen(port, () => console.log(`NODE RUNNING on port: ${port}`))

I'm using the following function as a middleware just to increment the id of a new object being added to my array:

let lions = []
let id = 0

const updateId = function(req, res, next) {
  if (!req.body.id) {
    id++;
    req.body.id = id + '';
  }
  next();
};

When I post a new lion it will then hit this route:

app.post('/lions', updateId, (req, res) => {
  console.log('POST req', req.body)
  const lion = req.body;
  lions.push(lion)

  res.json(req)
})

The POST works and the new lion is created, however I get the following error. Any ideas on how to fix it?

[nodemon] starting node server.js NODE RUNNING on port: 3000 GET lions: [] ERROR: TypeError: Converting circular structure to JSON at JSON.stringify () at stringify (/Users/leongaban/projects/tutorials/pluralsight/api-design-node/node_modules/express/lib/response.js:1119:12)

server.js

// create a route middleware for POST /lions that will increment and
// add an id to the ining new lion object on req.body

const express = require('express')
const app = express()
const bodyParser = require('body-parser')
const port = 3000

app.use(express.static('client'))
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true }))
app.use(bodyParser.json())

let lions = []
let id = 0

const updateId = function(req, res, next) {
  if (!req.body.id) {
    id++;
    req.body.id = id + '';
  }
  next();
};

app.param('id', (req, res, next, id) => {
  let lion = lions.filter((lion => lion.id === id))

  if (lion) {
    req.lion = lion;
    next();
  }
  else {
    console.log('NO LION')
    res.send()
  }
})

app.get('/lions', (req, res, next) => {
  console.log('GET lions:', lions)
  res.json(lions)
})

app.get('/lions/:id', (req, res) => {
  res.json(req || {})
})

app.post('/lions', updateId, (req, res) => {
  console.log('POST req', req.body)
  const lion = req.body;
  lions.push(lion)

  res.json(req)
})

app.put('/lions/:id', (req, res) => {
  const paramId = req.params.id
  const updated = req.body

  if (updated.id) delete updated.id

  const oldLion = lions.find((lion => lion.id === paramId))

  if (!oldLion) res.send()

  const newLion = Object.assign({ id: oldLion.id }, updated)
  lions = lions.filter(lion => lion.id !== paramId)
  lions.push(newLion)

  res.json(newLion)
})

app.delete('/lions/:id', (req, res) => {
  lions = lions.filter((lion => lion.id !== req.params.id))

  res.json(lions)
})

app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
  console.error('ERROR:', err)
})

app.listen(port, () => console.log(`NODE RUNNING on port: ${port}`))

• javascript
• node.js
• express

Share Improve this question Follow edited Apr 3, 2019 at 19:55 Leon Gaban asked Apr 3, 2019 at 19:37 Leon GabanLeon Gaban 39k122122 gold badges348348 silver badges550550 bronze badges 4

• 3 Could be, maybe, because on this line: res.json(req) of the app.post() method, the req object contains an inner property referencing an outer one thus creating a circular reference. Check the structure of that object with console.log() or maybe you can avoid the problem if you return other thing on the response. – Shidersz Commented Apr 3, 2019 at 19:50
• Maybe this could be of help too: stackoverflow./questions/11616630/… – Shidersz Commented Apr 3, 2019 at 19:53
• @Shidersz you were right, posting what I did to fix the problem, but do you want to post your answer? I'll check it. – Leon Gaban Commented Apr 3, 2019 at 20:01
• Sorry, but I don't see a clear way to make an answer for this issue under the context you provided. However I'm glad that the hypothesis of the possible issue helps you. – Shidersz Commented Apr 3, 2019 at 20:12

Add a ment  | 

1 Answer 1

Sorted by: Reset to default 5

Could be, maybe, because on this line: res.json(req) of the app.post() method, the req object contains an inner property referencing an outer one thus creating a circular reference. Check the structure of that object with console.log() or maybe you can avoid the problem if you return other thing on the response.

– Shidersz

Needed to create a new variable before passing it into the res.json of the put function

app.param('id', (req, res, next, id) => {
  let lion = lions.filter((lion => lion.id === id))
  
  if (lion) {
    req.lion = lion;
    next();
  } else {
    res.send();
  }
})

app.get('/lions', (req, res, next) => {
  console.log('GET lions:', lions)
  res.json(lions)
})

app.get('/lions/:id', (req, res) => {
  console.log('GET lion:', req.lion)
  const lion = req.lion // <-- here
  res.json(lion || {})  // <-- then here instead of passing req
})

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