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Is there any way that I can check if an element is visible in pure JS (no jQuery) ?

So, given a DOM element, how can I check if it is visible or not? I tried:

window.getComputedStyle(my_element)['display']);

but it doesn't seem to be working. I wonder which attributes should I check. It comes to my mind:

display !== 'none'
visibility !== 'hidden'

Any others that I might be missing?

Is there any way that I can check if an element is visible in pure JS (no jQuery) ?

So, given a DOM element, how can I check if it is visible or not? I tried:

window.getComputedStyle(my_element)['display']);

but it doesn't seem to be working. I wonder which attributes should I check. It comes to my mind:

display !== 'none'
visibility !== 'hidden'

Any others that I might be missing?

• javascript
• html
• dom

Share Improve this question Follow edited Dec 9, 2022 at 9:44 Mahozad 24.3k1919 gold badges156156 silver badges178178 bronze badges asked Oct 29, 2013 at 21:45 Hommer SmithHommer Smith 27.9k6262 gold badges175175 silver badges307307 bronze badges 5

• 3 That doesn't use display, it uses visibility so check for visibility (hidden or visible). ex: document.getElementById('snDealsPanel').style.visibility – PSL Commented Oct 29, 2013 at 21:50
• PSL. If I would like to do this more general, which attributes should I check: visibility, display...? – Hommer Smith Commented Oct 29, 2013 at 21:51
• You can make it generic in your own way but what i am saying is it uses visibility inspecting the element. – PSL Commented Oct 29, 2013 at 21:51
• Here is my code (no jquery) for this question stackoverflow.com/a/22969337/2274995 – Aleko Commented Apr 9, 2014 at 17:11
• 0 < document.querySelector('foo').getBoundingClientRect().height – Time Killer Commented Apr 16, 2021 at 9:04

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30 Answers 30

Sorted by: Reset to default 966

According to this MDN documentation, an element's offsetParent property will return null whenever it, or any of its parents, is hidden via the display style property. Just make sure that the element isn't fixed. A script to check this, if you have no position: fixed; elements on your page, might look like:

// Where el is the DOM element you'd like to test for visibility
function isHidden(el) {
    return (el.offsetParent === null)
}

On the other hand, if you do have position fixed elements that might get caught in this search, you will sadly (and slowly) have to use window.getComputedStyle(). The function in that case might be:

// Where el is the DOM element you'd like to test for visibility
function isHidden(el) {
    var style = window.getComputedStyle(el);
    return (style.display === 'none')
}

Option #2 is probably a little more straightforward since it accounts for more edge cases, but I bet its a good deal slower, too, so if you have to repeat this operation many times, best to probably avoid it.

All the other solutions broke for some situation for me..

See the winning answer breaking at:

http://plnkr.co/edit/6CSCA2fe4Gqt4jCBP2wu?p=preview

Eventually, I decided that the best solution was $(elem).is(':visible') - however, this is not pure javascript. it is jquery..

so I peeked at their source and found what I wanted

jQuery.expr.filters.visible = function( elem ) {
    return !!( elem.offsetWidth || elem.offsetHeight || elem.getClientRects().length );
};

This is the source: https://github.com/jquery/jquery/blob/master/src/css/hiddenVisibleSelectors.js

If you're interested in visible by the user:

function isVisible(elem) {
    if (!(elem instanceof Element)) throw Error('DomUtil: elem is not an element.');
    const style = getComputedStyle(elem);
    if (style.display === 'none') return false;
    if (style.visibility !== 'visible') return false;
    if (style.opacity < 0.1) return false;
    if (elem.offsetWidth + elem.offsetHeight + elem.getBoundingClientRect().height +
        elem.getBoundingClientRect().width === 0) {
        return false;
    }
    const elemCenter   = {
        x: elem.getBoundingClientRect().left + elem.offsetWidth / 2,
        y: elem.getBoundingClientRect().top + elem.offsetHeight / 2
    };
    if (elemCenter.x < 0) return false;
    if (elemCenter.x > (document.documentElement.clientWidth || window.innerWidth)) return false;
    if (elemCenter.y < 0) return false;
    if (elemCenter.y > (document.documentElement.clientHeight || window.innerHeight)) return false;
    let pointContainer = document.elementFromPoint(elemCenter.x, elemCenter.y);
    do {
        if (pointContainer === elem) return true;
    } while (pointContainer = pointContainer.parentNode);
    return false;
}

Tested on (using mocha terminology):

describe.only('visibility', function () {
    let div, visible, notVisible, inViewport, leftOfViewport, rightOfViewport, aboveViewport,
        belowViewport, notDisplayed, zeroOpacity, zIndex1, zIndex2;
    before(() => {
        div = document.createElement('div');
        document.querySelector('body').appendChild(div);
        div.appendChild(visible = document.createElement('div'));
        visible.style       = 'border: 1px solid black; margin: 5px; display: inline-block;';
        visible.textContent = 'visible';
        div.appendChild(inViewport = visible.cloneNode(false));
        inViewport.textContent = 'inViewport';
        div.appendChild(notDisplayed = visible.cloneNode(false));
        notDisplayed.style.display = 'none';
        notDisplayed.textContent   = 'notDisplayed';
        div.appendChild(notVisible = visible.cloneNode(false));
        notVisible.style.visibility = 'hidden';
        notVisible.textContent      = 'notVisible';
        div.appendChild(leftOfViewport = visible.cloneNode(false));
        leftOfViewport.style.position = 'absolute';
        leftOfViewport.style.right = '100000px';
        leftOfViewport.textContent = 'leftOfViewport';
        div.appendChild(rightOfViewport = leftOfViewport.cloneNode(false));
        rightOfViewport.style.right       = '0';
        rightOfViewport.style.left       = '100000px';
        rightOfViewport.textContent = 'rightOfViewport';
        div.appendChild(aboveViewport = leftOfViewport.cloneNode(false));
        aboveViewport.style.right       = '0';
        aboveViewport.style.bottom       = '100000px';
        aboveViewport.textContent = 'aboveViewport';
        div.appendChild(belowViewport = leftOfViewport.cloneNode(false));
        belowViewport.style.right       = '0';
        belowViewport.style.top       = '100000px';
        belowViewport.textContent = 'belowViewport';
        div.appendChild(zeroOpacity = visible.cloneNode(false));
        zeroOpacity.textContent   = 'zeroOpacity';
        zeroOpacity.style.opacity = '0';
        div.appendChild(zIndex1 = visible.cloneNode(false));
        zIndex1.textContent = 'zIndex1';
        zIndex1.style.position = 'absolute';
        zIndex1.style.left = zIndex1.style.top = zIndex1.style.width = zIndex1.style.height = '100px';
        zIndex1.style.zIndex = '1';
        div.appendChild(zIndex2 = zIndex1.cloneNode(false));
        zIndex2.textContent = 'zIndex2';
        zIndex2.style.left = zIndex2.style.top = '90px';
        zIndex2.style.width = zIndex2.style.height = '120px';
        zIndex2.style.backgroundColor = 'red';
        zIndex2.style.zIndex = '2';
    });
    after(() => {
        div.parentNode.removeChild(div);
    });
    it('isVisible = true', () => {
        expect(isVisible(div)).to.be.true;
        expect(isVisible(visible)).to.be.true;
        expect(isVisible(inViewport)).to.be.true;
        expect(isVisible(zIndex2)).to.be.true;
    });
    it('isVisible = false', () => {
        expect(isVisible(notDisplayed)).to.be.false;
        expect(isVisible(notVisible)).to.be.false;
        expect(isVisible(document.createElement('div'))).to.be.false;
        expect(isVisible(zIndex1)).to.be.false;
        expect(isVisible(zeroOpacity)).to.be.false;
        expect(isVisible(leftOfViewport)).to.be.false;
        expect(isVisible(rightOfViewport)).to.be.false;
        expect(isVisible(aboveViewport)).to.be.false;
        expect(isVisible(belowViewport)).to.be.false;
    });
});

Modern browsers have added Element.checkVisibility().
It returns true if the element is visible, and false otherwise.

The function checks a variety of factors that would make an element invisible, including display:none, visibility, content-visibility, and opacity:

let element = document.getElementById("myIcon");
let isVisible = element.checkVisibility({
    opacityProperty: true,   // Check CSS opacity property too
    visibilityProperty: true // Check CSS visibility property too
});

Sidenote: checkVisibility() was previously called isVisible(). See this GitHub issue.
See checkVisibility() specification draft here.

Use the same code as jQuery does:

jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible = function( elem ) {
    return !!( elem.offsetWidth || elem.offsetHeight || elem.getClientRects().length );
};

So, in a function:

function isVisible(e) {
    return !!( e.offsetWidth || e.offsetHeight || e.getClientRects().length );
}

Works like a charm in my Win/IE10, Linux/Firefox.45, Linux/Chrome.52...

Many thanks to jQuery without jQuery!

The accepted answer did not work for me.

Year 2020 breakdown.

1. The (elem.offsetParent !== null) method works fine in Firefox but not in Chrome. In Chrome position: fixed will also make offsetParent return null even the element if visible in the page.

   User Phrogz conducted a large test (2,304 divs) on elements with varying properties to demonstrate the issue. https://stackoverflow.com/a/11639664/4481831 . Run it with multiple browsers to see the differences.

   Demo:

   //different results in Chrome and Firefox
   console.log(document.querySelector('#hidden1').offsetParent); //null Chrome & Firefox
   console.log(document.querySelector('#fixed1').offsetParent); //null in Chrome, not null in Firefox

       <div id="hidden1" style="display:none;"></div>
       <div id="fixed1" style="position:fixed;"></div>

2. The (getComputedStyle(elem).display !== 'none') does not work because the element can be invisible because one of the parents display property is set to none, getComputedStyle will not catch that.

   Demo:

   var child1 = document.querySelector('#child1');
   console.log(getComputedStyle(child1).display);
   //child will show "block" instead of "none"

   <div id="parent1" style="display:none;">
     <div id="child1" style="display:block"></div>
   </div>

3. The (elem.clientHeight !== 0). This method is not influenced by position: fixed and it also check if element parents are not-visible. But it has problems with simple elements that do not have a css layout and inline elements, see more here

   Demo:

   console.log(document.querySelector('#inline1').clientHeight); //zero
   console.log(document.querySelector('#div1').clientHeight); //not zero
   console.log(document.querySelector('#span1').clientHeight); //zero

   <div id="inline1" style="display:inline">test1 inline</div>
   <div id="div1">test2 div</div>
   <span id="span1">test3 span</span>

4. The (elem.getClientRects().length !== 0) may seem to solve the problems of the previous 3 methods. However it has problems with elements that use CSS tricks (other then display: none) to hide in the page.

   Demo

   console.log(document.querySelector('#notvisible1').getClientRects().length);
   console.log(document.querySelector('#notvisible1').clientHeight);
   console.log(document.querySelector('#notvisible2').getClientRects().length);
   console.log(document.querySelector('#notvisible2').clientHeight);
   console.log(document.querySelector('#notvisible3').getClientRects().length);
   console.log(document.querySelector('#notvisible3').clientHeight);

   <div id="notvisible1" style="height:0; overflow:hidden; background-color:red;">not visible 1</div>
   
   <div id="notvisible2" style="visibility:hidden; background-color:yellow;">not visible 2</div>
   
   <div id="notvisible3" style="opacity:0; background-color:blue;">not visible 3</div>

Conclusion.

So what I have showed you is that no method is perfect. To make a proper visibility check, you must use a combination of the last 3 methods.

This may help : Hide the element by positioning it on far most left position and then check the offsetLeft property. If you want to use jQuery you can simply check the :visible selector and get the visibility state of the element.

HTML :

<div id="myDiv">Hello</div>

CSS :

<!-- for javaScript-->
#myDiv{
   position:absolute;
   left : -2000px;
}

<!-- for jQuery -->
#myDiv{
    visibility:hidden;
}

javaScript :

var myStyle = document.getElementById("myDiv").offsetLeft;

if(myStyle < 0){
     alert("Div is hidden!!");
}

jQuery :

if(  $("#MyElement").is(":visible") == true )
{  
     alert("Div is visible!!");        
}

jsFiddle

2021 solution

According to MDN docs an interaction observer asynchronously observe changes in the intersection of a target element with an ancestor element or with a top-level document's viewport. This means every time the element intersects with the viewport the interaction observer will trigger.

As of 2021, all the current browser supports intersection observer except IE.

Implementation

const el = document.getElementById("your-target-element");
const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
    if(entries[0].isIntersecting){
         // el is visible
    } else {
         // el is not visible
    }
});

observer.observe(el); // Asynchronous call

The handler will fire when initially created. And then it will fire every time that it becomes slightly visible or becomes completely not visible. An element is deemed to be not-visible when it's not actually visible within the viewport. So if you scroll down and element goes off the screen, then the observer will trigger and the // el is not visible code will be triggered - even though the element is still "displayed" (i.e. doesn't have display:none or visibility:hidden). What matters is whether there are any pixels of the element that are actually visible within the viewport.

Combining a couple answers above:

function isVisible (ele) {
    var style = window.getComputedStyle(ele);
    return  style.width !== "0" &&
    style.height !== "0" &&
    style.opacity !== "0" &&
    style.display!=='none' &&
    style.visibility!== 'hidden';
}

Like AlexZ said, this may be slower than some of your other options if you know more specifically what you're looking for, but this should catch all of the main ways elements are hidden.

But, it also depends what counts as visible for you. Just for example, a div's height can be set to 0px but the contents still visible depending on the overflow properties. Or a div's contents could be made the same color as the background so it is not visible to users but still rendered on the page. Or a div could be moved off screen or hidden behind other divs, or it's contents could be non-visible but the border still visible. To a certain extent "visible" is a subjective term.

I've got a more performant solution compared to AlexZ's getComputedStyle() solution when one has position 'fixed' elements, if one is willing to ignore some edge cases (check comments):

function isVisible(el) {
    /* offsetParent would be null if display 'none' is set.
       However Chrome, IE and MS Edge returns offsetParent as null for elements
       with CSS position 'fixed'. So check whether the dimensions are zero.

       This check would be inaccurate if position is 'fixed' AND dimensions were
       intentionally set to zero. But..it is good enough for most cases.*/
    return Boolean(el.offsetParent || el.offsetWidth || el.offsetHeight);
}

Side note: Strictly speaking, "visibility" needs to be defined first. In my case, I am considering an element visible as long as I can run all DOM methods/properties on it without problems (even if opacity is 0 or CSS visibility property is 'hidden' etc).

If element is regular visible (display:block and visibillity:visible), but some parent container is hidden, then we can use clientWidth and clientHeight for check that.

function isVisible (ele) {
  return  ele.clientWidth !== 0 &&
    ele.clientHeight !== 0 &&
    (ele.style.opacity !== '' ? parseFloat(ele.style.opacity) > 0 : true);
}

Plunker (click here)

A little addition to ohad navon's answer.

If the center of the element belongs to the another element we won't find it.

So to make sure that one of the points of the element is found to be visible

function isElementVisible(elem) {
    if (!(elem instanceof Element)) throw Error('DomUtil: elem is not an element.');
    const style = getComputedStyle(elem);
    if (style.display === 'none') return false;
    if (style.visibility !== 'visible') return false;
    if (style.opacity === 0) return false;
    if (elem.offsetWidth + elem.offsetHeight + elem.getBoundingClientRect().height +
        elem.getBoundingClientRect().width === 0) {
        return false;
    }
    var elementPoints = {
        'center': {
            x: elem.getBoundingClientRect().left + elem.offsetWidth / 2,
            y: elem.getBoundingClientRect().top + elem.offsetHeight / 2
        },
        'top-left': {
            x: elem.getBoundingClientRect().left,
            y: elem.getBoundingClientRect().top
        },
        'top-right': {
            x: elem.getBoundingClientRect().right,
            y: elem.getBoundingClientRect().top
        },
        'bottom-left': {
            x: elem.getBoundingClientRect().left,
            y: elem.getBoundingClientRect().bottom
        },
        'bottom-right': {
            x: elem.getBoundingClientRect().right,
            y: elem.getBoundingClientRect().bottom
        }
    }

    for(index in elementPoints) {
        var point = elementPoints[index];
        if (point.x < 0) return false;
        if (point.x > (document.documentElement.clientWidth || window.innerWidth)) return false;
        if (point.y < 0) return false;
        if (point.y > (document.documentElement.clientHeight || window.innerHeight)) return false;
        let pointContainer = document.elementFromPoint(point.x, point.y);
        if (pointContainer !== null) {
            do {
                if (pointContainer === elem) return true;
            } while (pointContainer = pointContainer.parentNode);
        }
    }
    return false;
}

Just for the reference it should be noted that getBoundingClientRect() can work in certain cases.

For example, a simple check that the element is hidden using display: none could look somewhat like this:

var box = element.getBoundingClientRect();
var visible = box.width && box.height;

This is also handy because it also covers zero-width, zero-height and position: fixed cases. However, it shall not report elements hidden with opacity: 0 or visibility: hidden (but neither would offsetParent).

So what I found is the most feasible method:

function visible(elm) {
  if(!elm.offsetHeight && !elm.offsetWidth) { return false; }
  if(getComputedStyle(elm).visibility === 'hidden') { return false; }
  return true;
}

This is build on these facts:

• A display: none element (even a nested one) doesn't have a width nor height.
• visiblity is hidden even for nested elements.

So no need for testing offsetParent or looping up in the DOM tree to test which parent has visibility: hidden. This should work even in IE 9.

You could argue if opacity: 0 and collapsed elements (has a width but no height - or visa versa) is not really visible either. But then again they are not per say hidden.

If we're just collecting basic ways of detecting visibility, let me not forget:

opacity > 0.01; // probably more like .1 to actually be visible, but YMMV

And as to how to obtain attributes:

element.getAttribute(attributename);

So, in your example:

document.getElementById('snDealsPanel').getAttribute('visibility');

But wha? It doesn't work here. Look closer and you'll find that visibility is being updated not as an attribute on the element, but using the style property. This is one of many problems with trying to do what you're doing. Among others: you can't guarantee that there's actually something to see in an element, just because its visibility, display, and opacity all have the correct values. It still might lack content, or it might lack a height and width. Another object might obscure it. For more detail, a quick Google search reveals this, and even includes a library to try solving the problem. (YMMV)

Check out the following, which are possible duplicates of this question, with excellent answers, including some insight from the mighty John Resig. However, your specific use-case is slightly different from the standard one, so I'll refrain from flagging:

• How to tell if a DOM element is visible in the current viewport?
• How to check if an element is really visible with javascript?

(EDIT: OP SAYS HE'S SCRAPING PAGES, NOT CREATING THEM, SO BELOW ISN'T APPLICABLE) A better option? Bind the visibility of elements to model properties and always make visibility contingent on that model, much as Angular does with ng-show. You can do that using any tool you want: Angular, plain JS, whatever. Better still, you can change the DOM implementation over time, but you'll always be able to read state from the model, instead of the DOM. Reading your truth from the DOM is Bad. And slow. Much better to check the model, and trust in your implementation to ensure that the DOM state reflects the model. (And use automated testing to confirm that assumption.)

Improving on @Guy Messika's answer above, breaking and returning false if the center point' X is < 0 is wrong as the element right side may go into the view. here's a fix:

private isVisible(elem) {
    const style = getComputedStyle(elem);

    if (style.display === 'none') return false;
    if (style.visibility !== 'visible') return false;
    if ((style.opacity as any) === 0) return false;

    if (
        elem.offsetWidth +
        elem.offsetHeight +
        elem.getBoundingClientRect().height +
        elem.getBoundingClientRect().width === 0
    ) return false;

    const elementPoints = {
        center: {
            x: elem.getBoundingClientRect().left + elem.offsetWidth / 2,
            y: elem.getBoundingClientRect().top + elem.offsetHeight / 2,
        },
        topLeft: {
            x: elem.getBoundingClientRect().left,
            y: elem.getBoundingClientRect().top,
        },
        topRight: {
            x: elem.getBoundingClientRect().right,
            y: elem.getBoundingClientRect().top,
        },
        bottomLeft: {
            x: elem.getBoundingClientRect().left,
            y: elem.getBoundingClientRect().bottom,
        },
        bottomRight: {
            x: elem.getBoundingClientRect().right,
            y: elem.getBoundingClientRect().bottom,
        },
    };

    const docWidth = document.documentElement.clientWidth || window.innerWidth;
    const docHeight = document.documentElement.clientHeight || window.innerHeight;

    if (elementPoints.topLeft.x > docWidth) return false;
    if (elementPoints.topLeft.y > docHeight) return false;
    if (elementPoints.bottomRight.x < 0) return false;
    if (elementPoints.bottomRight.y < 0) return false;

    for (let index in elementPoints) {
        const point = elementPoints[index];
        let pointContainer = document.elementFromPoint(point.x, point.y);
        if (pointContainer !== null) {
            do {
                if (pointContainer === elem) return true;
            } while (pointContainer = pointContainer.parentNode);
        }
    }
    return false;
}

To elaborate on everyone's great answers, here is the implementation that was used in the Mozilla Fathom project:

/**
 * Yield an element and each of its ancestors.
 */
export function *ancestors(element) {
    yield element;
    let parent;
    while ((parent = element.parentNode) !== null && parent.nodeType === parent.ELEMENT_NODE) {
        yield parent;
        element = parent;
    }
}

/**
 * Return whether an element is practically visible, considering things like 0
 * size or opacity, ``visibility: hidden`` and ``overflow: hidden``.
 *
 * Merely being scrolled off the page in either horizontally or vertically
 * doesn't count as invisible; the result of this function is meant to be
 * independent of viewport size.
 *
 * @throws {Error} The element (or perhaps one of its ancestors) is not in a
 *     window, so we can't find the `getComputedStyle()` routine to call. That
 *     routine is the source of most of the information we use, so you should
 *     pick a different strategy for non-window contexts.
 */
export function isVisible(fnodeOrElement) {
    // This could be 5x more efficient if https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/4122 happens.
    const element = toDomElement(fnodeOrElement);
    const elementWindow = windowForElement(element);
    const elementRect = element.getBoundingClientRect();
    const elementStyle = elementWindow.getComputedStyle(element);
    // Alternative to reading ``display: none`` due to Bug 1381071.
    if (elementRect.width === 0 && elementRect.height === 0 && elementStyle.overflow !== 'hidden') {
        return false;
    }
    if (elementStyle.visibility === 'hidden') {
        return false;
    }
    // Check if the element is irrevocably off-screen:
    if (elementRect.x + elementRect.width < 0 ||
        elementRect.y + elementRect.height < 0
    ) {
        return false;
    }
    for (const ancestor of ancestors(element)) {
        const isElement = ancestor === element;
        const style = isElement ? elementStyle : elementWindow.getComputedStyle(ancestor);
        if (style.opacity === '0') {
            return false;
        }
        if (style.display === 'contents') {
            // ``display: contents`` elements have no box themselves, but children are
            // still rendered.
            continue;
        }
        const rect = isElement ? elementRect : ancestor.getBoundingClientRect();
        if ((rect.width === 0 || rect.height === 0) && elementStyle.overflow === 'hidden') {
            // Zero-sized ancestors don’t make descendants hidden unless the descendant
            // has ``overflow: hidden``.
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

It checks on every parent's opacity, display, and rectangle.

The jQuery code from http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.11.1.js has an isHidden param

var isHidden = function( elem, el ) {
    // isHidden might be called from jQuery#filter function;
    // in that case, element will be second argument
    elem = el || elem;
    return jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) === "none" || !jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem );
};

So it looks like there is an extra check related to the owner document

I wonder if this really catches the following cases:

1. Elements hidden behind other elements based on zIndex
2. Elements with transparency full making them invisible
3. Elements positioned off screen (ie left: -1000px)
4. Elements with visibility:hidden
5. Elements with display:none
6. Elements with no visible text or sub elements
7. Elements with height or width set to 0

let element = document.getElementById('element');
let rect = element.getBoundingClientRect();

if(rect.top == 0 && 
  rect.bottom == 0 && 
  rect.left == 0 && 
  rect.right == 0 && 
  rect.width == 0 && 
  rect.height == 0 && 
  rect.x == 0 && 
  rect.y == 0)
{
  alert('hidden');
}
else
{
  alert('visible');
}

const isVisible = (selector) => {
  let selectedElement
  let topElement
  let selectedData
  
  selectedElement = document.querySelector(selector)
  
  if (!selectedElement) {
    return false
  }
  
  selectedData = selectedElement.getBoundingClientRect()
  if (!selectedData || !Object.keys(selectedData)) {
    return false
  }
  
  if (!(selectedData.width > 0) || !(selectedData.height > 0)) {
    return false
  }
  
  topElement = document.elementFromPoint(selectedData.top, selectedData.left)
  
  if (selectedElement !== topElement) {
    return false
  }
  
  return true
}

const output = document.querySelector('.text')
output.innerHTML = '.x element is visible: ' + isVisible('.x')

.block {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  background: black;
}

.y {
  background: red;
  margin-top: -100px;
}

<div class="text"></div>
<div class="x block"></div>
<div class="y block"></div>

Here is a (pure vanilla JS) function that performs an extensive number of checks, ensuring that a given element is visible to the user:

function isVisible(element) {
    // Check if the element is null or undefined
    if (!element) return false;

    // Get the element's bounding client rect
    const boundingRect = element.getBoundingClientRect();

    // Check if the element has a positive width and height
    if (boundingRect.width <= 0 || boundingRect.height <= 0) return false;

    // Check if the element's top and left values are within the viewport
    const top = boundingRect.top;
    const left = boundingRect.left;
    const viewportWidth = window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth;
    const viewportHeight = window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight;
    if (top > viewportHeight || left > viewportWidth) return false;

    // Check if the element's right and bottom values are within the viewport
    const right = boundingRect.right;
    const bottom = boundingRect.bottom;
    if (right < 0 || bottom < 0) return false;

    // Check if the element is hidden by the overflow property
    const parentNode = element.parentNode;
    if (parentNode && getComputedStyle(parentNode).overflow === 'hidden') {
        const parentRect = parentNode.getBoundingClientRect();
        if (top < parentRect.top || bottom > parentRect.bottom || left < parentRect.left || right > parentRect.right) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    const elementComputedStyle = getComputedStyle(element);

    // Check if the element has a z-index of less than 0
    const zIndex = elementComputedStyle.zIndex;
    if (zIndex < 0) return false;

    // Check if the element has a display value of 'none' or an opacity of 0
    const display = elementComputedStyle.display;
    const opacity = elementComputedStyle.opacity;
    if (display === 'none' || opacity === '0') return false;

    // Check if the element is hidden by an ancestor element with a display value of 'none' or an opacity of 0
    let ancestorElement = element.parentElement;
    while (ancestorElement) {
        const ancestorComputedStyle = getComputedStyle(ancestorElement);
        const ancestorDisplay = ancestorComputedStyle.display;
        const ancestorOpacity = ancestorComputedStyle.opacity;
        if (ancestorDisplay === 'none' || ancestorOpacity === '0') return false;
        ancestorElement = ancestorElement.parentElement;
    }

    // Initialize a variable to keep track of whether the element is obscured by another element
    let obscured = false;

    // Check if the element is obscured by another element according to its position
    if (elementComputedStyle.position === 'absolute' || elementComputedStyle.position === 'fixed' ||
        elementComputedStyle.position === 'relative' || elementComputedStyle.position === 'sticky' ||
        elementComputedStyle.position === 'static') {
        let siblingElement = element.nextElementSibling;
        while (siblingElement) {
            if (siblingElement.getBoundingClientRect().top > boundingRect.bottom || siblingElement.getBoundingClientRect().left > boundingRect.right) {
                break;
            }
            if (siblingElement.getBoundingClientRect().bottom > boundingRect.top && siblingElement.getBoundingClientRect().right > boundingRect.left) {
                obscured = true;
                break;
            }
            siblingElement = siblingElement.nextElementSibling;
        }
        if (obscured) return false;
    }

    // If all checks have passed, the element is visible
    return true;
}

This solution works with zero height elements:

const divElement = document.getElementById('yourDivId'); // Replace 'yourDivId' with the actual ID of your div

const rect = divElement.getBoundingClientRect();
const isVisible = rect.bottom > 0 && rect.top < window.innerHeight;

if (isVisible) {
    console.log('The div is visible.'); // Or partially visible
} else {
    console.log('The div is not visible.');
}

If you are scraping sites, one very inefficient method which worked for me was highlighting whatever element, and screenshotting, and then checking if the screenshot has changed.

//Screenshot

function makeSelected(element){
    let range = new Range()
    range.selectNode(element)
    let selection = window.getSelection()
    selection.removeAllRanges()
    selection.addRange(range)
}
// screenshot again and check for diff

2024 solution

While all the previous answers work great but they do not work on some specific use cases (coming from Shopify's Cart Drawer scenario).

This function will-

1. Check if this element is in the viewport,
2. Check if they have a non-0 width & height,
3. The display CSS property is not set to none,
4. The visibility CSS property is not set to hidden,
5. Opacity is not 0
6. hidden attribute is not applied,

function isFullyVisible(elem, tolerance = 0.5) {
    const rect = elem.getBoundingClientRect();
    const windowHeight = (window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight);
    const windowWidth = (window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth);

    // Check with tolerance for being within the viewport
    const inViewVertically = rect.top <= windowHeight + tolerance && rect.bottom >= -tolerance;
    const inViewHorizontally = rect.left <= windowWidth + tolerance && rect.right >= -tolerance;
    const inViewport = inViewVertically && inViewHorizontally;

    // Check for CSS visibility, 'hidden' attribute, and dimensions
    const style = getComputedStyle(elem);
    const notHiddenByCSS = style.display !== 'none' && style.visibility !== 'hidden' && parseFloat(style.opacity) > 0;
    const notHiddenAttribute = !elem.hidden;
    const hasDimensions = elem.offsetWidth > 0 || elem.offsetHeight > 0 || elem.getClientRects().length > 0;

    return inViewport && notHiddenByCSS && notHiddenAttribute && hasDimensions;
}

The tolerance is added to account for minor measurement discrepancies due to various rendering behaviours across browsers or devices.

Hope this helps!

Here's the code I wrote to find the only visible among a few similar elements, and return the value of its "class" attribute without jQuery:

  // Build a NodeList:
  var nl = document.querySelectorAll('.myCssSelector');

  // convert it to array:
  var myArray = [];for(var i = nl.length; i--; myArray.unshift(nl[i]));

  // now find the visible (= with offsetWidth more than 0) item:
  for (i =0; i < myArray.length; i++){
    var curEl = myArray[i];
    if (curEl.offsetWidth !== 0){
      return curEl.getAttribute("class");
    }
  }

This is a way to determine it for all css properties including visibility:

html:

<div id="element">div content</div>

css:

#element
{
visibility:hidden;
}

javascript:

var element = document.getElementById('element');
 if(element.style.visibility == 'hidden'){
alert('hidden');
}
else
{
alert('visible');
}

It works for any css property and is very versatile and reliable.

This is what I did:

HTML & CSS: Made the element hidden by default

<html>
<body>

<button onclick="myFunction()">Click Me</button>

<p id="demo" style ="visibility: hidden;">Hello World</p> 

</body>
</html> 

JavaScript: Added a code to check whether the visibility is hidden or not:

<script>
function myFunction() {
   if ( document.getElementById("demo").style.visibility === "hidden"){
   document.getElementById("demo").style.visibility = "visible";
   }
   else document.getElementById("demo").style.visibility = "hidden";
}
</script>

In case you encountered text nodes, try this:

// Where n a node you'd like to test for visibility
function isHidden(n) {
    if(n.nodeType==3){
        el = n.parentElement;
    }else{
        el = n;
    }
     
    return (el.offsetParent === null)
}

There are many situations where this will not necessarily work, however in my case I'm using this and it works fine for what I need. So if you are looking for a basic solution (Which does not cover every eventuality) it 'might' be helpful to you, if this simple solution suits your particular need.

var element= document.getElementById('elementId');

if (element.style.display == "block"){

<!-- element is visible -->

} else {

<!-- element is hidden-->

}

2023 Solution :)

with jquery plugin

$.fn.isvisible = function(e) {
    var style = window.getComputedStyle($(this)[0]);
    return (style.display != 'none')
}
alert($('.classname').isvisible())

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