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How do you test an element for existence without the use of the getElementById method?
I have set up a live demo for reference. I will also print the code on here as well:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script>
var getRandomID = function (size) {
var str = "",
i = 0,
chars = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqurstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQURSTUVWXYZ";
while (i < size) {
str += chars.substr(Math.floor(Math.random() * 62), 1);
i++;
}
return str;
},
isNull = function (element) {
var randomID = getRandomID(12),
savedID = (element.id)? element.id : null;
element.id = randomID;
var foundElm = document.getElementById(randomID);
element.removeAttribute('id');
if (savedID !== null) {
element.id = savedID;
}
return (foundElm) ? false : true;
};
window.onload = function () {
var image = document.getElementById("demo");
console.log('undefined', (typeof image === 'undefined') ? true : false); // false
console.log('null', (image === null) ? true : false); // false
console.log('find-by-id', isNull(image)); // false
image.parentNode.removeChild(image);
console.log('undefined', (typeof image === 'undefined') ? true : false); // false ~ should be true?
console.log('null', (image === null) ? true : false); // false ~ should be true?
console.log('find-by-id', isNull(image)); // true ~ correct but there must be a better way than this?
};
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="demo"></div>
</body>
</html>
Basically the above code demonstrates an element being stored into a variable and then removed from the DOM. Even though the element has been removed from the DOM, the variable retains the element as it was when first declared. In other words, it is not a live reference to the element itself, but rather a replica. As a result, checking the variable's value (the element) for existence will provide an unexpected result.
The isNull function is my attempt to check for an elements existence from a variable, and it works, but I would like to know if there is an easier way to accomplish the same result.
PS: I'm also interested in why JavaScript variables behave like this if anyone knows of some good articles related to the subject.
How do you test an element for existence without the use of the getElementById method?
I have set up a live demo for reference. I will also print the code on here as well:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script>
var getRandomID = function (size) {
var str = "",
i = 0,
chars = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqurstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQURSTUVWXYZ";
while (i < size) {
str += chars.substr(Math.floor(Math.random() * 62), 1);
i++;
}
return str;
},
isNull = function (element) {
var randomID = getRandomID(12),
savedID = (element.id)? element.id : null;
element.id = randomID;
var foundElm = document.getElementById(randomID);
element.removeAttribute('id');
if (savedID !== null) {
element.id = savedID;
}
return (foundElm) ? false : true;
};
window.onload = function () {
var image = document.getElementById("demo");
console.log('undefined', (typeof image === 'undefined') ? true : false); // false
console.log('null', (image === null) ? true : false); // false
console.log('find-by-id', isNull(image)); // false
image.parentNode.removeChild(image);
console.log('undefined', (typeof image === 'undefined') ? true : false); // false ~ should be true?
console.log('null', (image === null) ? true : false); // false ~ should be true?
console.log('find-by-id', isNull(image)); // true ~ correct but there must be a better way than this?
};
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="demo"></div>
</body>
</html>
Basically the above code demonstrates an element being stored into a variable and then removed from the DOM. Even though the element has been removed from the DOM, the variable retains the element as it was when first declared. In other words, it is not a live reference to the element itself, but rather a replica. As a result, checking the variable's value (the element) for existence will provide an unexpected result.
The isNull function is my attempt to check for an elements existence from a variable, and it works, but I would like to know if there is an easier way to accomplish the same result.
PS: I'm also interested in why JavaScript variables behave like this if anyone knows of some good articles related to the subject.
Share Improve this question edited Dec 15, 2019 at 4:51 Peter Mortensen 31.6k22 gold badges109 silver badges133 bronze badges asked Apr 12, 2011 at 2:19 Justin BullJustin Bull 8,2056 gold badges29 silver badges31 bronze badges 4- 28 Actually it is a live reference to the element itself, it's just not in a document any more. That functionality is required because you can actually pull an element out of the DOM and then put it back in later with all event handlers/etc still attached to it. As for why JS variables act like that? Because it would be incredibly annoying if they didn't. JS only deletes variables when you no longer have ANY references to them. The language has no way of knowing which references you deem important and which you think are worthless. – user578895 Commented Apr 12, 2011 at 2:45
- @cwolves Interesting. I've encountered this many times before and never really thought much of it. In fact, in my current project, I'm saving elements in an array before I make any changes to them, just in case I want to revert the changes. – Justin Bull Commented Apr 12, 2011 at 3:19
- 1 Garbage collection runs from time to time and deletes everything it thinks it can. It seems pretty lousy in most browsers, but is getting better as developers realise that some browsers run for days or weeks between restarts, so good garbage collection is vital for browser performance. Web developers can help by deleting properties (and hence references to things in memory) that are no longer required. – RobG Commented Apr 12, 2011 at 4:13
- 2 @JustinBull be careful with storing copies of the elements to revert. When storing a DOM element in an array, a reference to the DOM element is stored, not a copy, so changes made to the DOM element will be reflected when referencing the array's element. This is the case with all objects in javascript (variables of type 'object'). – Anthony DiSanti Commented Sep 7, 2011 at 6:50
27 Answers
Reset to default 845It seems some people are landing here, and simply want to know if an element exists (a little bit different to the original question).
That's as simple as using any of the browser's selecting method, and checking it for a truthy value (generally).
For example, if my element had an id of "find-me", I could simply use...
var elementExists = document.getElementById("find-me");
This is specified to either return a reference to the element or null. If you must have a Boolean value, simply toss a !! before the method call.
In addition, you can use some of the many other methods that exist for finding elements, such as (all living off document):
querySelector()/querySelectorAll()getElementsByClassName()getElementsByName()
Some of these methods return a NodeList, so be sure to check its length property, because a NodeList is an object, and therefore truthy.
For actually determining if an element exists as part of the visible DOM (like the question originally asked), Csuwldcat provides a better solution than rolling your own (as this answer used to contain). That is, to use the contains() method on DOM elements.
You could use it like so...
document.body.contains(someReferenceToADomElement);
Use getElementById() if it's available.
Also, here's an easy way to do it with jQuery:
if ($('#elementId').length > 0) {
// Exists.
}
And if you can't use third-party libraries, just stick to base JavaScript:
var element = document.getElementById('elementId');
if (typeof(element) != 'undefined' && element != null)
{
// Exists.
}
Using the Node.contains DOM API, you can check for the presence of any element in the page (currently in the DOM) quite easily:
document.body.contains(YOUR_ELEMENT_HERE);
CROSS-BROWSER NOTE: the document object in Internet Explorer does not have a contains() method - to ensure cross-browser compatibility, use document.body.contains() instead.
I simply do:
if(document.getElementById("myElementId")){
alert("Element exists");
} else {
alert("Element does not exist");
}
It works for me and had no issues with it yet...
I prefer to use the node.isConnected property (Visit MDN).
Note: This will return true if the element is appended to a ShadowRoot as well, which might not be everyone's desired behaviour.
Example:
const element = document.createElement('div');
console.log(element.isConnected); // Returns false
document.body.append(element);
console.log(element.isConnected); // Returns true
element.remove();
console.log(element.isConnected); // Returns false
Easiest way:
const cond = document.getElementById('elem') || false
if (cond) {
//does
} else {
//does not
}
If needed in strictly visible DOM, meaning not on entire page, use something like view-js (my lib so beat it up as much as you want)
<script src='https://view-js.glitch.me/view-main.js'></script>
<script>
elem = $sel('#myelem');
if (isVis(elem)) { //yes } else { //no }
</script>
function test() {
pt = document.querySelector('#result')
iv = document.querySelector('#f')
cond = document.querySelector('#'+iv.value) || false
if (cond) {
pt.innerText = 'Found!'
} else {
pt.innerText = 'Not found!'
}
}
Enter an id to see if it exists: <input id='f'></input>
<button onclick='test()'>Test!</button>
<br />
<p id='result'>I am a p tag. I will change depending on the result.</p>
<br />
<div id='demo'>I am a div. My id is demo.</div>You could just check to see if the parentNode property is null.
That is,
if(!myElement.parentNode)
{
// The node is NOT in the DOM
}
else
{
// The element is in the DOM
}
From Mozilla Developer Network:
This function checks to see if an element is in the page's body. As contains() is inclusive and determining if the body contains itself isn't the intention of isInPage, this case explicitly returns false.
function isInPage(node) {
return (node === document.body) ? false : document.body.contains(node);
}
node is the node we want to check for in the <body>.
The easiest solution is to check the baseURI property, which is set only when the element is inserted in the DOM, and it reverts to an empty string when it is removed.
var div = document.querySelector('div');
// "div" is in the DOM, so should print a string
console.log(div.baseURI);
// Remove "div" from the DOM
document.body.removeChild(div);
// Should print an empty string
console.log(div.baseURI);<div></div>This code works for me, and I didn't have any issues with it.
if(document.getElementById("mySPAN")) {
// If the element exists, execute this code
alert("Element exists");
}
else {
// If the element does not exist execute this code
alert("Element does not exists");
}
A simple way to check if an element exist can be done through one-line code of jQuery.
Here is the code below:
if ($('#elementId').length > 0) {
// Do stuff here if the element exists
} else {
// Do stuff here if the element does not exist
}
csuwldcat's solution seems to be the best of the bunch, but a slight modification is needed to make it work correctly with an element that's in a different document than the JavaScript code is running in, such as an iframe:
YOUR_ELEMENT.ownerDocument.body.contains(YOUR_ELEMENT);
Note the use of the element's ownerDocument property, as opposed to just plain old document (which may or may not refer to the element's owner document).
torazaburo posted an even simpler method that also works with non-local elements, but unfortunately, it uses the baseURI property, which is not uniformly implemented across browsers at this time (I could only get it to work in the WebKit-based ones). I couldn't find any other element or node properties that could be used in a similar fashion, so I think for the time being the above solution is as good as it gets.
jQuery solution:
if ($('#elementId').length) {
// element exists, do something...
}
This worked for me using jQuery and did not require $('#elementId')[0] to be used.
Instead of iterating parents, you can just get the bounding rectangle which is all zeros when the element is detached from the DOM:
function isInDOM(element) {
if (!element)
return false;
var rect = element.getBoundingClientRect();
return (rect.top || rect.left || rect.height || rect.width)?true:false;
}
If you want to handle the edge case of a zero width and height element at zero top and zero left, you can double check by iterating parents till the document.body:
function isInDOM(element) {
if (!element)
return false;
var rect = element.getBoundingClientRect();
if (element.top || element.left || element.height || element.width)
return true;
while(element) {
if (element == document.body)
return true;
element = element.parentNode;
}
return false;
}
Another option is element.closest:
element.closest('body') === null
All existing elements have parentElement set, except the HTML element!
function elExists (e) {
return (e.nodeName === 'HTML' || e.parentElement !== null);
};
Check if the element is a child of <html> via Node::contains():
const div = document.createElement('div');
console.log(
document.documentElement.contains(div)
);//-> false
document.body.appendChild(div);
console.log(
document.documentElement.contains(div)
); //-> trueI've covered this and more in is-dom-detached.
- If an element is in the
DOM, its parents should also be in - And the last grandparent should be the
document
So to check that we just loop unto the element's parentNode tree until we reach the last grandparent
Use this:
/**
* @param {HTMLElement} element - The element to check
* @param {boolean} inBody - Checks if the element is in the body
* @return {boolean}
*/
var isInDOM = function(element, inBody) {
var _ = element, last;
while (_) {
last = _;
if (inBody && last === document.body) { break;}
_ = _.parentNode;
}
return inBody ? last === document.body : last === document;
};
Use this command below to return whether or not the element exists in the DOM:
return !!document.getElementById('myElement');
A simple solution with jQuery:
$('body').find(yourElement)[0] != null
// This will work prefectly in all :D
function basedInDocument(el) {
// This function is used for checking if this element in the real DOM
while (el.parentElement != null) {
if (el.parentElement == document.body) {
return true;
}
el = el.parentElement; // For checking the parent of.
} // If the loop breaks, it will return false, meaning
// the element is not in the real DOM.
return false;
}
this condition chick all cases.
function del() {
//chick if dom has this element
//if not true condition means null or undifind or false .
if (!document.querySelector("#ul_list ")===true){
// msg to user
alert("click btn load ");
// if console chick for you and show null clear console.
console.clear();
// the function will stop.
return false;
}
// if its true function will log delet .
console.log("delet");
}Check element exist or not
const elementExists = document.getElementById("find-me");
if(elementExists){
console.log("have this element");
}else{
console.log("this element doesn't exist");
}
You can also use jQuery.contains, which checks if an element is a descendant of another element. I passed in document as the parent element to search because any elements that exist on the page DOM are a descendant of document.
jQuery.contains( document, YOUR_ELEMENT)
Use querySelectorAll with forEach,
document.querySelectorAll('.my-element').forEach((element) => {
element.classList.add('new-class');
});
as the opposite of:
const myElement = document.querySelector('.my-element');
if (myElement) {
element.classList.add('new-class');
}
As I landed up here due to the question. Few of the solutions from above don't solve the problem. After a few lookups, I found a solution on the internet that provided if a node is present in the current viewport where the answers I tried solves of it's present in the body or not.
function isInViewport(element) {
const rect = element.getBoundingClientRect();
return (
rect.top >= 0 &&
rect.left >= 0 &&
rect.bottom <= (window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight) &&
rect.right <= (window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth)
);
}
console.log(
isInViewport(document.querySelector('.selector-i-am-looking-for'))
);<div class="selector-i-am-looking-for"></div>The snippet is taken from HERE to keep as a backup as the links may be unavailable after some time. Check the link for an explanation.
And, didn't intend to post in the comment, as in most cases, they are ignored.
I liked this approach:
var elem = document.getElementById('elementID');
if (elem)
do this
else
do that
Also
var elem = ((document.getElementById('elemID')) ? true:false);
if (elem)
do this
else
do that
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