How to Handle Errors with Messages in ResponseEntity in Spring? - Stack Overflow

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How should error responses be handled properly? When I need to return a class, I use ResponseEntity<Class>. However, if I want to return an error as plain text (string), I would need to use ResponseEntity<String> with string as the return type. What is the best practice in this case? Should I instead map the error to a JSON format and use ResponseEntity string?

For example I have:

When my return type is Mono<ResponseEntity<UserAccessData>>, I need to return UserAccessData in successful scenarios. However, when an error occurs, I want to return a ResponseEntity<String> with an error message. Should I convert all responses, including UserAccessData and error messages, to JSON and set the return type to Mono<ResponseEntity<String>>? Or is there a better approach to handle this?

  @PostMapping("/login")
public Mono<ResponseEntity<UserAccessData>> authorizeUser(@RequestBody @Valid LoginData loginData) {
    return userPort.login(loginData)
            .map(userAccessData -> ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.OK).body(userAccessData))
            .onErrorResume(ex -> Mono.just(ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body("User authorization failed: " + ex.getMessage())));
}

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