javascript - Uncaught Error: Invariant Violation: Element type is invalid: expected a string (for built-in components) or a clas

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I am getting this error:

Uncaught Error: Invariant Violation: Element type is invalid: expected a string (for built-in components) or a class/function (for composite components) but got: object.

This is my code:

var React = require('react')
var ReactDOM =  require('react-dom')
var Router = require('react-router')
var Route = Router.Route
var Link = Router.Link

var App = React.createClass({
  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <h1>App</h1>
        <ul>
          <li><Link to="/about">About</Link></li>
        </ul>
      </div>
    )
  }
})

var About = require('./components/Home')
ReactDOM.render((
  <Router>
    <Route path="/" component={App}>
      <Route path="about" component={About} />
    </Route>
  </Router>
), document.body)

My Home.jsx file:

var React = require('react');
var RaisedButton = require('material-ui/lib/raised-button');

var Home = React.createClass({
  render:function() {
    return (
        <RaisedButton label="Default" />
    );
  },
});

module.exports = Home;

I am getting this error:

Uncaught Error: Invariant Violation: Element type is invalid: expected a string (for built-in components) or a class/function (for composite components) but got: object.

This is my code:

var React = require('react')
var ReactDOM =  require('react-dom')
var Router = require('react-router')
var Route = Router.Route
var Link = Router.Link

var App = React.createClass({
  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <h1>App</h1>
        <ul>
          <li><Link to="/about">About</Link></li>
        </ul>
      </div>
    )
  }
})

var About = require('./components/Home')
ReactDOM.render((
  <Router>
    <Route path="/" component={App}>
      <Route path="about" component={About} />
    </Route>
  </Router>
), document.body)

My Home.jsx file:

var React = require('react');
var RaisedButton = require('material-ui/lib/raised-button');

var Home = React.createClass({
  render:function() {
    return (
        <RaisedButton label="Default" />
    );
  },
});

module.exports = Home;

• javascript
• node.js
• reactjs
• react-router
• jsx

Share Improve this question Follow edited Apr 2, 2024 at 15:31 shim 10.1k1313 gold badges7575 silver badges116116 bronze badges asked Dec 7, 2015 at 9:46 Pankaj ThakurPankaj Thakur 9,89133 gold badges2525 silver badges2727 bronze badges 6

• 13 Please take a look at stackoverflow.com/questions/36795819/… – Marcelo Salazar Commented Mar 8, 2017 at 5:21
• Possible duplicate of When should I use curly braces for ES6 import? – Jim G. Commented Jun 1, 2018 at 16:39
• This error can rise if you try to import a non-existent component. Make sure you have no typo and that the component indeed named that way. In case of libraries make sure you use the proper version, since components can have different names in different versions. – totymedli Commented Jun 27, 2018 at 3:16
• This can also happen when you define a property, maybe through ES6 destruction, with the same name as an already imported component (and try to pass it down to another component). – Philip Murphy Commented Jan 4, 2019 at 21:46
• This is happening to me as a result of using styled-components, and only server-side (using Next.js). For some reason, any const defined at the module level is magically undefined when referenced inside the React component. Could be a Rollup bug or a Node bug. – Steve Commented Oct 15, 2021 at 9:55

 |  Show 1 more comment

55 Answers 55

Sorted by: Reset to default 1 2 Next 1265

In my case (using Webpack) it was the difference between:

import {MyComponent} from '../components/xyz.js';

vs

import MyComponent from '../components/xyz.js';

The second one works while the first is causing the error. Or the opposite.

you need export default or require(path).default

var About = require('./components/Home').default

Have you just modularized any of your React components? If yes, you will get this error if you forgot to specify module.exports, for example:

non-modularized previously valid component/code:

var YourReactComponent = React.createClass({
    render: function() { ...

modularized component/code with module.exports:

module.exports = React.createClass({
    render: function() { ...

In my case, one of the exported child module was not returning a proper react component.

const Component = <div> Content </div>;

instead of

const Component = () => <div>Content</div>;

The error shown was for the parent, hence couldn't figure out.

If you get this error, it might be because you're importing link using

import { Link } from 'react-router'

instead, it might be better to use

import { Link } from 'react-router-dom'
                      ^--------------^

I believe this is a requirement for the react router version 4

Given your error of:

'Uncaught Error: Invariant Violation: Element type is invalid: expected a string (for built-in components) or a class/function but got: object'

You have 2 options:

1. Your export file can have the word default as in

export default class someNameHere

Then your import will need to avoid using {} around it. As in

import somethingHere from someWhereHere

2. Avoid using the default word. Then your export looks like

export class someNameHere

Then your import must use the {}. Like

import {somethingHere} from someWhereHere

Don't get surprised by the list of answers for a single question. There are various causes for this issue;

For my case, the warning was

warning.js:33 Warning: React.createElement: type is invalid -- expected a string (for built-in components) or a class/function (for composite components) but got: undefined. You likely forgot to export your component from the file it's defined in. Check your code at index.js:13.

Followed by the error

invariant.js:42 Uncaught Error: Element type is invalid: expected a string (for built-in components) or a class/function (for composite components) but got: undefined. You likely forgot to export your component from the file it's defined in.

I couldn't understand the error since it doesn't mention any method or file name. I was able to resolve only after looking at this warning, mentioned above.

I have the following line at the index.js.

<ConnectedRouter history={history}>

When I googled for the above error with the keyword "ConnectedRouter" I found the solution in a GitHub page.

The error is because, when we install react-router-redux package, by default we install this one. https://github.com/reactjs/react-router-redux but not the actual library.

To resolve this error, install the proper package by specifing the npm scope with @

npm install react-router-redux@next

You don't need to remove the wrongly installed package. It will be automatically overwritten.

Thank you.

PS: Even warning helps you. Don't neglect warning just looking at the error alone.

https://github.com/rackt/react-router/blob/e7c6f3d848e55dda11595447928e843d39bed0eb/examples/query-params/app.js#L4 Router is also one of the properties of react-router. So change your modules require code like that:

  var reactRouter = require('react-router')
  var Router = reactRouter.Router
  var Route = reactRouter.Route
  var Link = reactRouter.Link

If you want to use ES6 syntax the link use(import), use babel as helper.

BTW, to make your code works, we can add {this.props.children} in the App, like

render() {
  return (
    <div>
      <h1>App</h1>
      <ul>
        <li><Link to="/about">About</Link></li>
      </ul>
      {this.props.children}
    </div>

  )
}

In my case, that was caused by wrong comment symbols. This is wrong:

<Tag>
    /*{ oldComponent }*/
    { newComponent }
</Tag>

This is correct:

<Tag>
    {/*{ oldComponent }*/}
    { newComponent }
</Tag>

Notice the curly brackets

I have the same error : ERROR FIX !!!!

I use 'react-router-redux' v4 but she's bad.. After npm install react-router-redux@next I'm on "react-router-redux": "^5.0.0-alpha.9",

AND IT'S WORK

I got this by doing import App from './app/'; expecting it to import ./app/index.js, but it instead imported ./app.json.

I was having the same issue and realized that I was providing an Undefined React component in the JSX markup. The thing is that the react component to render was dynamically calculated and it ended up being undefined!

The error stated:

Invariant Violation: Element type is invalid: expected a string (for built-in components) or a class/function (for composite components) but got: undefined. You likely forgot to export your component from the file it's defined in. Check the render method of C.,

The example producing this error:

var componentA = require('./components/A');
var componentB = require('./components/B');

const templates = {
  a_type: componentA,
  b_type: componentB
}

class C extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
  }
  
  // ...
  
  render() {
    //Let´s say that depending on the uiType coming in a data field you end up rendering a component A or B (as part of C)
    const ComponentTemplate = templates[this.props.data.uiType];
    return <ComponentTemplate></ComponentTemplate>
  }
  
  // ...
}

The problem was that an invalid "uiType" was provided and therefore this was producing undefined as result:

templates['InvalidString']

Just as a quick addition to this. I was having the same problem and while Webpack was compiling my tests and the application was running fine. When I was importing my component into the test file I was using the incorrect case on one of the imports and that was causing the same error.

import myComponent from '../../src/components/myComponent'

Should have been

import myComponent from '../../src/components/MyComponent'

Note that the import name myComponent depends on the name of the export inside the MyComponent file.

Had similar issue with React Native latest versions 0.50 and up.

For me it was a difference between:

import App from './app'

and

import App from './app/index.js'

(the latter fixed the issue). Took me hours to catch this weird, hard to notice nuance :(

In my case I was using the default export, but not exporting a function or React.Component, but just a JSX element, i.e.

Error:

export default (<div>Hello World!</div>)

Works :

export default () => (<div>Hello World!</div>)

Another possible solution, that worked for me:

Currently, react-router-redux is in beta and npm returns 4.x, but not 5.x. But the @types/react-router-redux returned 5.x. So there were undefined variables used.

Forcing NPM/Yarn to use 5.x solved it for me.

I ran into this error when I had a .jsx and .scss file in the same directory with the same root name.

So, for example, if you have Component.jsx and Component.scss in the same folder and you try to do this:

import Component from ./Component

Webpack apparently gets confused and, at least in my case, tries to import the scss file when I really want the .jsx file.

I was able to fix it by renaming the .scss file and avoiding the ambiguity. I could have also explicitly imported Component.jsx

In my case, the import was happening implicitly due to a library.

I managed to fix it by changing

export class Foo

to

export default class Foo.

I got this error in react routing, problem was that I was using

<Route path="/" component={<Home/>} exact />

but it was wrong route requires component as a class/function so I changed it to

<Route path="/" component={Home} exact />

and it worked. (Just avoid the braces around the component)

And in my case I was just missing a semicolon at the import-decleration in one of my sub modules.

Fixed it by changing this:

import Splash from './Splash'

to this:

import Splash from './Splash';

In addition to import/export issues mentioned. I found using React.cloneElement() to add props to a child element and then rendering it gave me this same error.

I had to change:

render() {
  const ChildWithProps = React.cloneElement(
    this.props.children,
    { className: `${PREFIX}-anchor` }
  );

  return (
    <div>
      <ChildWithProps />
      ...
    </div>
  );
}

to:

render() {
  ...
  return (
    <div>
      <ChildWithProps.type {...ChildWithProps.props} />
    </div>
  );
}

See the React.cloneElement() docs for more info.

For me, it was because my component wasn't exporting for some reason using the * notation, so I had to name the export explicitly

// index.ts
export * from "./Button"

to

// index.ts
export { Button } from "./Button"

I was getting this error also. The error was being caused by trying to export a component like this...

export default Component();

Instead of like this...

export default Component;

My understanding is that by adding the "()" at the end of the component, I was actually calling the function instead of just referencing it.

I did not see this in the answers above, but may have missed it. I hope it helps someone and saves some time. It took me a long time to pinpoint the source of this error!

It means some of your imported Components are wrongly declared or nonexistent

I had a similar issue, I did

import { Image } from './Shared'

but When I looked into the Shared file I didn't have an 'Image' component rather an 'ItemImage' Component

import { ItemImage } from './Shared';

This happens when you copy code from other projects ;)

The problem can also be an alias used for a default export.

Change

import { Button as ButtonTest } from "../theme/components/Button";

to

import { default as ButtonTest } from "../theme/components/Button";

solved the issue for me.

I was the same problem because I did import incorrect library, so i checked the documentation from the library and the route was changed with the new versión, the solution was this:

import {Ionicons} from '@expo/vector-icons';

and I was writing the incorrect way:

import {Ionicons} from 'expo';

I was getting this issue too. My imports look fine, I could copy the contents of my copy and paste it where it was being used and that worked. But it was the reference to the component that was going wrong.

For me I just had to shut down expo and restart it.

Just want to add a case to this question. I walked around this issue by swapping the order of import, for example in my mixed of imports before:

import { Label } from 'components/forms/label';
import Loader from 'components/loader/loader';
...
import Select from 'components/select/select'; // <----- the error happen

After the change:

import Select from 'components/select/select'; // <----- Fixed
import { Label } from 'components/forms/label';
import Loader from 'components/loader/loader';
...

For Next JS

Restart your server ✅

I spent quite a lot of time debugging the issue.

I got the error when using clsx() for my className prop. The error goes away when removed clsx()

Searched for Next JS issues in clsx and vice versa. Didn't find any active/ past issues. So I just tried restarting the server, and it worked.

For me it was that my styled-components were defined after my functional component definition. It was only happening in staging and not locally for me. Once I moved my styled-components above my component definition the error went away.

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