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var obj = {
    name: "Simon",
    age: "20",
    clothing: {
        style: "simple",
        hipster: false
    }
}

for(var propt in obj){
    console.log(propt + ': ' + obj[propt]);
}

var obj = {
    name: "Simon",
    age: "20",
    clothing: {
        style: "simple",
        hipster: false
    }
}

for(var propt in obj){
    console.log(propt + ': ' + obj[propt]);
}

How does the variable propt represent the properties of the object? It's not a built-in method or property. Why does it come up with every property in the object?

• javascript
• loops
• object

Share Improve this question Follow edited Mar 13, 2019 at 10:58 lolbas 79411 gold badge99 silver badges3535 bronze badges asked Nov 29, 2011 at 14:30 RafayRafay 24.3k44 gold badges2222 silver badges2727 bronze badges 8

• 15 if (typeof(obj[propt]) === 'object') {/* Do it again */ } – noob Commented Nov 29, 2011 at 14:39
• 13 Well, really sorry for this question. I know what a loop is, I couldn't get my head around "looping through object properties", which I think is cleared now. Also, they have recommended me "JavaScript Step by Step 2nd Edition - Steve Suehring at school. – Rafay Commented Nov 29, 2011 at 14:39
• 279 This is a fine begginers question. I'd add that I have 15 years of professional experience with other languages and I needed this answer. I'd plus 2000 if I could. – Nathan C. Tresch Commented Feb 1, 2013 at 13:28
• 74 Crazy, but I've been coming to this page every few months for years to relearn the syntax on how to do this. I don't bother to remember how to do this... I just remember that this page is always here on SO. – Dave Commented Jul 9, 2015 at 15:29
• 20 This is the strangest page I've seen on StackOverflow. If you read the question carefully, only one answer even begins to attempt to answer what is actually being asked, and it has a score of -6. The highest scoring answer, which was accepted, not only doesn't answer, but is simply wrong. – user1106925 Commented Apr 4, 2017 at 15:31

 |  Show 3 more comments

32 Answers 32

Sorted by: Reset to default 1 2 Next 2599

Iterating over properties requires this additional hasOwnProperty check:

for (var prop in obj) {
    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, prop)) {
        // do stuff
    }
}

It's necessary because an object's prototype contains additional properties for the object which are technically part of the object. These additional properties are inherited from the base object class, but are still properties of obj.

hasOwnProperty simply checks to see if this is a property specific to this class, and not one inherited from the base class.

---

It's also possible to call hasOwnProperty through the object itself:

if (obj.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
    // do stuff
}

But this will fail if the object has an unrelated field with the same name:

var obj = { foo: 42, hasOwnProperty: 'lol' };
obj.hasOwnProperty('foo');  // TypeError: hasOwnProperty is not a function

That's why it's safer to call it through Object.prototype instead:

var obj = { foo: 42, hasOwnProperty: 'lol' };
Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, 'foo');  // true

As of JavaScript 1.8.5 you can use Object.keys(obj) to get an Array of properties defined on the object itself (the ones that return true for obj.hasOwnProperty(key)).

Object.keys(obj).forEach(function(key,index) {
    // key: the name of the object key
    // index: the ordinal position of the key within the object 
});

This is better (and more readable) than using a for-in loop.

Its supported on these browsers:

• Firefox (Gecko): 4 (2.0)
• Chrome: 5
• Internet Explorer: 9

See the Mozilla Developer Network Object.keys()'s reference for futher information.

Girls and guys we are in 2019 and we do not have that much time for typing... So lets do this cool new fancy ECMAScript 2016:

Object.keys(obj).forEach(e => console.log(`key=${e}  value=${obj[e]}`));

In up-to-date implementations of ES, you can use Object.entries:

for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(obj)) { }

or

Object.entries(obj).forEach(([key, value]) => ...)

If you just want to iterate over the values, then use Object.values:

for (const value of Object.values(obj)) { }

or

Object.values(obj).forEach(value => ...)

It's the for...in statement (MDN, ECMAScript spec).

You can read it as "FOR every property IN the obj object, assign each property to the PROPT variable in turn".

It's just a for...in loop. Check out the documentation at Mozilla.

if (typeof obj === 'object' && obj !== null) {
    Object.keys(obj).forEach(key => {
        console.log("\n" + key + ": " + obj[key]);
    });
}

// *** Explanation line by line ***

// Explaining the bellow line
// It checks if obj is neither null nor undefined, which means it's safe to get its keys. 
// Otherwise it will give you a "TypeError: Cannot convert undefined or null to object" if obj is null or undefined when it tries to get its keys in the next line of code.
// NOTE 1: You can use Object.hasOwnProperty() instead of Object.keys(obj).length
// NOTE 2: No need to check if obj is an array because it will work just fine.
// NOTE 3: No need to check if obj is a string because it will not pass the 'if typeof obj is Object' statement.
// NOTE 4: No need to check if Obj is undefined because it will not pass the 'if type obj is Object' statement either.
if (typeof obj === 'object' && obj !== null) {

    // Explaining the bellow line
    // Just like in the previous line, this returns an array with
    // all keys in obj (because if code execution got here, it means 
    // obj has keys.) 
    // Then just invoke built-in javascript forEach() to loop
    // over each key in returned array and calls a call back function 
    // on each array element (key), using ES6 arrow function (=>)
    // Or you can just use a normal function ((key) { blah blah }).
    Object.keys(obj).forEach(key => {

        // The bellow line prints out all keys with their 
        // respective value in obj.
        // key comes from the returned array in Object.keys(obj)
        // obj[key] returns the value of key in obj
        console.log("\n" + key + ": " + obj[key]);
    });
}

If your environment supports ES2017 then I would recommend Object.entries:

Object.entries(obj).forEach(([key, value]) => {
  console.log(`${key} ${value}`);
});

As shown in Mozillas Object.entries() documentation:

The Object.entries() method returns an array of a given object's own enumerable property [key, value] pairs, in the same order as that provided by a for...in loop (the difference being that a for-in loop enumerates properties in the prototype chain as well).

Basically with Object.entries we can forgo the following extra step that is required with the older for...in loop:

// This step is not necessary with Object.entries
if (object.hasOwnProperty(property)) {
  // do stuff
}

Dominik's answer is perfect, I just prefer to do it that way, as it's cleaner to read:

for (var property in obj) {
    if (!obj.hasOwnProperty(property)) continue;

    // Do stuff...
}

The for...in loop represents each property in an object because it is just like a for loop. You defined propt in the for...in loop by doing:

    for(var propt in obj){
alert(propt + ': ' + obj[propt]);
}

A for...in loop iterates through the enumerable properties of an object. Whichever variable you define, or put in the for...in loop, changes each time it goes to the next property it iterates. The variable in the for...in loop iterates through the keys, but the value of it is the key's value. For example:

    for(var propt in obj) {
      console.log(propt);//logs name
      console.log(obj[propt]);//logs "Simon"
    }

You can see how the variable differs from the variable's value. In contrast, a for...of loop does the opposite.

I hope this helps.

jquery allows you to do this now:

$.each( obj, function( key, value ) {
  alert( key + ": " + value );
});

let obj = {"a": 3, "b": 2, "6": "a"}

Object.keys(obj).forEach((item) => {console.log("item", obj[item])})

// a
// 3
// 2

To add ES2015's usage of Reflect.ownKeys(obj) and also iterating over the properties via an iterator.

For example:

let obj = { a: 'Carrot', b: 'Potato', Car: { doors: 4 } };

can be iterated over by

// logs each key
Reflect.ownKeys(obj).forEach(key => console.log(key));

If you would like to iterate directly over the values of the keys of an object, you can define an iterator, just like JavaScipts's default iterators for strings, arrays, typed arrays, Map and Set.

JS will attempt to iterate via the default iterator property, which must be defined as Symbol.iterator.

If you want to be able to iterate over all objects you can add it as a prototype of Object:

Object.prototype[Symbol.iterator] = function*() { 
    for(p of Reflect.ownKeys(this)){ yield this[p]; }
}

This would enable you to iterate over the values of an object with a for...of loop, for example:

for(val of obj) { console.log('Value is:' + val ) }

Caution: As of writing this answer (June 2018) all other browsers, but IE, support generators and for...of iteration via Symbol.iterator

The above answers are a bit annoying because they don't explain what you do inside the for loop after you ensure it's an object: YOU DON'T ACCESS IT DIRECTLY! You are actually only delivered the KEY that you need to apply to the OBJ:

var obj = {
  a: "foo",
  b: "bar",
  c: "foobar"
};

// We need to iterate the string keys (not the objects)
for(var someKey in obj)
{
  // We check if this key exists in the obj
  if (obj.hasOwnProperty(someKey))
  {
    // someKey is only the KEY (string)! Use it to get the obj:
    var myActualPropFromObj = obj[someKey]; // Since dynamic, use [] since the key isn't literally named "someKey"

    // NOW you can treat it like an obj
    var shouldBeBar = myActualPropFromObj.b;
  }
}

This is all ECMA5 safe. Even works in the lame JS versions like Rhino ;)

You can access the nested properties of the object using the for...in and forEach loop.

for...in:

for (const key in info) {
    console.log(info[key]);
}

forEach:

Object.keys(info).forEach(function(prop) {
    console.log(info[prop]);
    // cities: Array[3], continent: "North America", images: Array[3], name: "Canada"
    // "prop" is the property name
    // "data[prop]" is the property value
});

You can use Lodash. The documentation

var obj = {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3};
_.keys(obj).forEach(function (key) {
    ...
});

Object.keys(obj).forEach(key =>
  console.log(`key=${key} value=${obj[key]}`)
);

Nowadays you can convert a standard JS object into an iterable object just by adding a Symbol.iterator method. Then you can use a for of loop and acceess its values directly or even can use a spread operator on the object too. Cool. Let's see how we can make it:

var o = {a:1,b:2,c:3},
    a = [];
o[Symbol.iterator] = function*(){
                       var ok = Object.keys(this);
                            i = 0;
                       while (i < ok.length) yield this[ok[i++]];
                     };
for (var value of o) console.log(value);
// or you can even do like
a = [...o];
console.log(a);

Your for loop is iterating over all of the properties of the object obj. propt is defined in the first line of your for loop. It is a string that is a name of a property of the obj object. In the first iteration of the loop, propt would be "name".

Objects in JavaScript are collections of properties and can therefore be looped in a for each statement.

You should think of obj as an key value collection.

If running Node I'd recommend:

Object.keys(obj).forEach((key, index) => {
    console.log(key);
});

While the top-rated answer is correct, here is an alternate use case i.e if you are iterating over an object and want to create an array in the end. Use .map instead of forEach

const newObj = Object.keys(obj).map(el => {
    //ell will hold keys 
   // Getting the value of the keys should be as simple as obj[el]
})

I want to add to the answers above, because you might have different intentions from Javascript. A JSON object and a Javascript object are different things, and you might want to iterate through the properties of a JSON object using the solutions proposed above, and then be surprised.

Suppose that you have a JSON object like:

var example = {
    "prop1": "value1",
    "prop2": [ "value2_0", "value2_1"],
    "prop3": {
         "prop3_1": "value3_1"
    }
}

The wrong way to iterate through its 'properties':

function recursivelyIterateProperties(jsonObject) {
    for (var prop in Object.keys(example)) {
        console.log(prop);
        recursivelyIterateProperties(jsonObject[prop]);
    }
}

You might be surprised of seeing the console logging 0, 1, etc. when iterating through the properties of prop1 and prop2 and of prop3_1. Those objects are sequences, and the indexes of a sequence are properties of that object in Javascript.

A better way to recursively iterate through a JSON object properties would be to first check if that object is a sequence or not:

function recursivelyIterateProperties(jsonObject) {
    for (var prop in Object.keys(example)) {
        console.log(prop);
        if (!(typeof(jsonObject[prop]) === 'string')
            && !(jsonObject[prop] instanceof Array)) {
                recursivelyIterateProperties(jsonObject[prop]);

            }
            
     }
}

What for..in loop does is that it creates a new variable (var someVariable) and then stores each property of the given object in this new variable(someVariable) one by one. Therefore if you use block {}, you can iterate. Consider the following example.

var obj = {
     name:'raman',
     hobby:'coding',
     planet:'earth'
     };

for(var someVariable in obj) {
  //do nothing..
}

console.log(someVariable); // outputs planet

Here I am iterating each node and creating meaningful node names. If you notice, instanceOf Array and instanceOf Object pretty much does the same thing (in my application, i am giving different logic though)

function iterate(obj,parent_node) {
    parent_node = parent_node || '';
    for (var property in obj) {
        if (obj.hasOwnProperty(property)) {
            var node = parent_node + "/" + property;
            if(obj[property] instanceof Array) {
                //console.log('array: ' + node + ":" + obj[property]);
                iterate(obj[property],node)
            } else if(obj[property] instanceof Object){
                //console.log('Object: ' + node + ":" + obj[property]);
                iterate(obj[property],node)
            }
            else {
                console.log(node + ":" + obj[property]);
            }
        }
    }
}

note - I am inspired by Ondrej Svejdar's answer. But this solution has better performance and less ambiguous

Also adding the recursive way:

function iterate(obj) {
    // watch for objects we've already iterated so we won't end in endless cycle
    // for cases like var foo = {}; foo.bar = foo; iterate(foo);
    var walked = [];
    var stack = [{obj: obj, stack: ''}];
    while(stack.length > 0)
    {
        var item = stack.pop();
        var obj = item.obj;
        for (var property in obj) {
            if (obj.hasOwnProperty(property)) {
                if (typeof obj[property] == "object") {
                  // check if we haven't iterated through the reference yet
                  var alreadyFound = false;
                  for(var i = 0; i < walked.length; i++)
                  {
                    if (walked[i] === obj[property])
                    {
                      alreadyFound = true;
                      break;
                    }
                  }
                  // new object reference
                  if (!alreadyFound)
                  {
                    walked.push(obj[property]);
                    stack.push({obj: obj[property], stack: item.stack + '.' + property});
                  }
                }
                else
                {
                    console.log(item.stack + '.' + property + "=" + obj[property]);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Usage:

iterate({ foo: "foo", bar: { foo: "foo"} }); 

You basically want to loop through each property in the object.

JSFiddle

var Dictionary = {
  If: {
    you: {
      can: '',
      make: ''
    },
    sense: ''
  },
  of: {
    the: {
      sentence: {
        it: '',
        worked: ''
      }
    }
  }
};

function Iterate(obj) {
  for (prop in obj) {
    if (obj.hasOwnProperty(prop) && isNaN(prop)) {
      console.log(prop + ': ' + obj[prop]);
      Iterate(obj[prop]);
    }
  }
}
Iterate(Dictionary);

To further refine the accepted answer it's worth noting that if you instantiate the object with a var object = Object.create(null) then object.hasOwnProperty(property) will trigger a TypeError. So to be on the safe side, you'd need to call it from the prototype like this:

for (var property in object) {
    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(object, property)) {
        // do stuff
    }
}

Check type

You can check how propt represent object propertis by

typeof propt

to discover that it's just a string (name of property). It come up with every property in the object due the way of how for-in js "build-in" loop works.

var obj = {
    name: "Simon",
    age: "20",
    clothing: {
        style: "simple",
        hipster: false
    }
}

for(var propt in obj){
    console.log(typeof propt,  propt + ': ' + obj[propt]);
}

If you just want to iterate to map property values then lodash has _.mapValues

const obj = {
  a: 2,
  b: 3
}
const res = _.mapValues(obj, v => v * 2)
console.log(res)

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/lodash.min.js"></script>

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