Why should I use a Spring-Kafka RecordInterceptor for early error detection to complement ErrorHandlers? - Stack Overflow

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I’m considering implementing error handling logic to detect and prevent processing of certain "fatal" messages before they reach my listener.

Currently, I am exploring the idea of using a RecordInterceptor to perform early detection of unrecoverable messages that my listener would otherwise process incorrectly due to faulty business logic for example. These "fatal" messages can be identified upfront based on configurable rules. By rejecting/handling such messages early, I want to prevent the need for compensating actions (e.g., rolling back partial state changes) that would otherwise be required if the listener partially processed a message before detecting the issue.

Key aspects of my question:

Early Detection in Interceptor: Using a RecordInterceptor allows me to identify potentially faulty messages before they are handed over to the listener and maybe retain them from the listener, publish the record to a DLT for later processing/manual intervention, crashing the consumer, etc.

ErrorHandler Limitation (maybe a bit of a stretch): Handling these cases in an ErrorHandler feels more like a post-fact approach, as the message would have already passed through the listener and might have caused unintended side effects.

Improved Reliability: By intercepting and rejecting such messages early, I can ensure the listener only processes valid messages, improving the reliability of the overall system.

Use Case: I already know the types of messages that could be fatal for my listener, and these rules can be configured dynamically. For example: Invalid payloads.

Business-specific constraints: (e.g., certain fields or values indicating an irrecoverable state).

My question: Are there any downsides to implementing this logic in a RecordInterceptor compared to handling these errors in an ErrorHandler (which seem to be the recommended approach according to the official documentation)?

Would using a RecordInterceptor have any performance implications, particularly for high-throughput Kafka consumers (I'm thinking checking header values; an optional predicate on a ConsumerRecord, checking certain exceptions already passed down by the kafka-client to spring-kafka's interceptor invocation point.)? I’d appreciate insights from others who've thought about similar approaches. Are there any other particular trade-offs I should consider before adopting this approach? For instance some internal implementation details about pausing/resuming/fetching in the listener that could be affected by performing error-handling operations such as stopping the consumer or publishing to a DLT as early as at record interception stage.

Additionally, whatever cannot be detected in a record interceptor, would share the same configurable error-handling strategy in an ErrorHandler as well as a RecordInterceptor. These two safety nets would compensate each-other by reusing the way they handle errors but at different points in time with a heavy accent on early detection (Interceptor).

Now, I know it is difficult to identify the majority of possible faults, but I am pretty much certain that there is a potentially enormous benefit in detecting any bad messages I can very early.

Thank you, and appreciate your feedback.

I have built a POC and would love some input on the concept of the idea. The POC is planned to be slowly rolled-out.

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